Chemical functionalization of polyamide 6.6 fabrics

Kisner, Alexandre; Rainert, Karine Thaise; Ferrari, Fernanda; Nau, Carla Tatiana; Barcellos, Ivonete Oliveira; Pezzin, Sérgio Henrique; Andreaus, Jürgen

doi:10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2013.03.010

Cited by 38 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…These characteristics, associated with lower manufacturing costs, make PA6.6 an important thermoplastic used in molded components used in the automotive industry [ 3 , 4 , 5 ], filtration applications [ 1 , 6 , 7 ], and numerous engineering applications [ 8 ]. However, in the past two decades, PA6.6 has become one of the prominent polyamide fibers in the textile industry, used for the manufacture of industrial textiles, yarns, carpets, and clothing [ 9 , 10 ]. Despite the excellent aforementioned properties, due to their nature, PA6.6 fibers have weaknesses in terms of hydrophobicity and low surface energy, which reduce clothing comfort, coloring, and adhesion properties for large-scale industrial applications [ 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These issues generate high economic and environmental costs for the textile industry, mainly related to chemical pretreatment that consumes large amounts of chemical compounds, water, and energy [ 12 ]. Chemical treatment is used as a method of the functionalization of PA6.6 fabrics, i.e., it creates new functionalities for textiles, in many cases enabling new applications [ 9 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physicochemical Studies on the Surface of Polyamide 6.6 Fabrics Functionalized by DBD Plasmas Operated at Atmospheric and Sub-Atmospheric Pressures

et al. 2020

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This work proposes the use of a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor operating at atmospheric pressure (AP) using air and sub-atmospheric pressure (SAP) using air or argon to treat polyamide 6.6 (PA6.6) fabrics. Here, plasma dosages corresponding to 37.5 kW·min·m−2 for AP and 7.5 kW·min·m−2 for SAP in air or argon were used. The hydrophilicity aging effect property of untreated and DBD-treated PA6.6 samples was evaluated from the apparent contact angle. The surface changes in physical microstructure were studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). To prove the changes in chemical functional groups in the fibers, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used, and the change in surface bonds was evaluated by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In addition, the whiteness effect was investigated by the color spectrophotometry (Datacolor) technique. The results showed that the increase in surface roughness by the SAP DBD treatment contributed to a decrease in and maintenance of the hydrophilicity of PA6.6 fabrics for longer. The SAP DBD in air treatment promoted an enhancement of the aging effect with a low plasma dosage (5-fold reduction compared with AP DBD treatment). Finally, the SAP DBD treatment using argon functionalizes the fabric surface more efficiently than DBD treatments in air.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical Studies on the Surface of Polyamide 6.6 Fabrics Functionalized by DBD Plasmas Operated at Atmospheric and Sub-Atmospheric Pressures

et al. 2020

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“…Nylon denotes a series of aliphatic polyamides that comprise of the –CONH–, a recurring amide group. 11 The typical method to elucidate a distinct form of nylon is to attach a numerical designation before it that signifies the number of carbon items found in the recurring units of the raw material. As a case in point, nylon 66 implies that the component of caprolactam within it is composed of six carbon atoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of copper oxide nanoparticles and gamma irradiation in optimising mechanical and the DC-electrical properties of nylon 66

Abdeldaym

Elhady

2020

Journal of Composite Materials

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This study used an aqueous precipitation method to synthesise copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles. Nylon 66/CuO-based nanocomposites were prepared through a melt-mixing process using CuO nanoparticles with differing contents (1, 2, 3 and 4 wt%) and varying doses of gamma radiation (100, 200 and 300 kGy). The study also investigated the impact of these combinations on the structural, mechanical and DC-electrical attributes of nylon 66. The combination of CuO nanoparticles and gamma irradiation caused nylon 66 to undergo structural changes verified through X-ray diffraction measurement and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the morphology of the nylon 66/CuO nanocomposites and revealed that the CuO nanoparticles belonging to the nylon 66 matrixes had a homogeneous dispersion. According to the mechanical finding, the influence of CuO nanoparticles and gamma irradiation significantly augmented the flexural strength and flexural modulus of the nanocomposites. However, this addition led to a decline of elongation at break. To better understand the tensile mechanism, a correlation of tensile strength using theoretical models premised on Money, Einstein and Pukanszky were undertaken. The optimal deviation was exhibited by the Pukanszky model using tensile plots on an experimental basis. The study also examined the nanocomposite’s DC-electrical conductivity; electrical conductivity increased with CuO nanoparticle content and gamma irradiation. For every sample, the prevailing transport mechanism was the Poole–Frenkel emission. This finding is encouraging for the development of innovative materials with augmented tensile strength and nanoelectronic devices.

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“…3,39 Harsh chemical methods include alkaline or acid hydrolysis, can have a negative environmental impact, and cause damage to the fabric structure. 40 UV radiation and plasma activation are “clean” methods, 41,42 but functionalization is uneven and often accompanied by surface damage. Moreover, these techniques require complex machinery that is very expensive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic Modification of Polyamide for Improving the Conductivity of Water-Based Multilayer Nanocoatings

et al. 2019

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Enzymatic modification, using a protease from Bacillus licheniformis (Subtilisin A), was carried out on polyamide 6.6 (PA6.6) fabric to make it more amenable to water-based nanocoatings used to impart electrical conductivity. The modified PA6.6 fibers exhibit a smoother surface, increased hydrophilicity due to more carboxyl and amino groups, and larger ζ-potential relative to unmodified polyamide. With its improved hydrophilicity and surface functionality, the modified textile is better able to accept a water-based nanocoating, composed of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) stabilized by sodium deoxycholate (DOC) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA), deposited via layer-by-layer assembly. Relative to unmodified fabric, the enzymatically modified fibers exhibit lower sheet resistance as a function of PDDA/MWCNT-DOC bilayers deposited. This relatively green technique could be used to impart a variety of useful functionalities to otherwise difficult-to-treat synthetic fibers like polyamide.

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Chemical functionalization of polyamide 6.6 fabrics

Cited by 38 publications

References 24 publications

Physicochemical Studies on the Surface of Polyamide 6.6 Fabrics Functionalized by DBD Plasmas Operated at Atmospheric and Sub-Atmospheric Pressures

Physicochemical Studies on the Surface of Polyamide 6.6 Fabrics Functionalized by DBD Plasmas Operated at Atmospheric and Sub-Atmospheric Pressures

Role of copper oxide nanoparticles and gamma irradiation in optimising mechanical and the DC-electrical properties of nylon 66

Enzymatic Modification of Polyamide for Improving the Conductivity of Water-Based Multilayer Nanocoatings

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