An electrochemiluminescent (ECL)–photoacoustic
(PA) dual-signal
output biosensor based on the modular optimization and wireless nature
of a bipolar electrode (BPE) was constructed. To further simplify
the detection process, the BPE structure was designed as three separate
units: anode ECL collection, cathode catalytic amplification, and
intermediate functional sensing units. Specifically, the anode unit
was placed with Eosin Yellow, a cheap and effective ECL reagent, and
the cathode unit was a laser-induced polyoxometalate–graphene
electrode, which was helpful to enhance the anode ECL signal. The
intermediate functional sensing unit consisted of a temperature-sensitive
conductive film. Further, using a carbon nano-onion nanocomposite
with excellent absorption performance in the near-infrared region
as a signal tag not only leads to changes in the electrical conductivity
of the film through heat transfer and thus affects the ECL signal
but also produces a strong PA response. With this design, PA and ECL
signals can be output simultaneously. This work not only realizes
multiple modularization processes in the design of sensors but also
implements the diversification of signal output modes, which will
enrich the joint research field of ECL detection technology and other
new detection methods.