Modular and Noncontact Wireless Detection Platform for Ovarian Cancer Markers: Electrochemiluminescent and Photoacoustic Dual-Signal Output Based on Multiresponse Carbon Nano-Onions

Abstract

An electrochemiluminescent (ECL)–photoacoustic (PA) dual-signal output biosensor based on the modular optimization and wireless nature of a bipolar electrode (BPE) was constructed. To further simplify the detection process, the BPE structure was designed as three separate units: anode ECL collection, cathode catalytic amplification, and intermediate functional sensing units. Specifically, the anode unit was placed with Eosin Yellow, a cheap and effective ECL reagent, and the cathode unit was a laser-induced polyoxometalate–graphene electrode, which was helpful to enhance the anode ECL signal. The intermediate functional sensing unit consisted of a temperature-sensitive conductive film. Further, using a carbon nano-onion nanocomposite with excellent absorption performance in the near-infrared region as a signal tag not only leads to changes in the electrical conductivity of the film through heat transfer and thus affects the ECL signal but also produces a strong PA response. With this design, PA and ECL signals can be output simultaneously. This work not only realizes multiple modularization processes in the design of sensors but also implements the diversification of signal output modes, which will enrich the joint research field of ECL detection technology and other new detection methods.

Designing Multimodal Informative Sensing with an Exosome-Mediated Signal Coupling Transduction Strategy Based on a Single-Stimulus Multiresponse Recognition Interface

“…Meanwhile, TEM, selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and elemental mapping images and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra were also provided to reveal the successful synthesis of the TiO 2 @CNOs. In contrast to CNOs with a smooth surface of an average size of about 5 nm (Figure S2A), the diameter of TiO 2 @CNOs was significantly larger about 10 nm and the surface was rough (Figure S2B), and the SAED pattern revealed the polycrystalline diffraction rings corresponding to the tetragonal phase of TiO 2 , , while the elemental mapping images further confirmed the presence of C, Ti, and O elements, which indicated the successful synthesis of TiO 2 @CNOs (Figure C). Moreover, the preparation of TiO 2 @CNOs was further demonstrated by the FT-IR spectrum in Figure D.…”

“…Adhering to Kuz Netsov’s procedure, CNOs were synthesized by vacuum annealing of nanodiamonds at 1700 °C. − …”

In Situ Growth Reaction on Photoelectrodes of Single-Atom Fe Incorporated Bi4O5I2: A General Photoelectrochemical Immunoassay Toward Sensitive Protein Analysis

“…The analysis of actual samples is significant to prove the practicability of the biosensor, − and clinical serum samples from Xinyang Central Hospital were tested. The serum samples were used directly without any dilution.…”

Two-phase dual-signal-readout immunosensing platform based on multifunctional carbon nano-onions for ovarian cancer biomarker detection

“…Firstly, the CNOs were obtained by annealing commercially available nanodiamonds at 1700 1C. 19,20 Then, the amine group functionalized CNOs were prepared by adding 400 mL ILs (10 mg mL À1 ) to 200 mL CNOs (0.75 mg mL À1 ) solution for 6 h with shaking. After centrifugation and washing, the CNOs-NH 2 were obtained.…”