Chemical, dimensional and morphological ultrafine particle characterization from a waste-to-energy plant

Buonanno, Giorgio; Stabile, Luca; Avino, Pasquale; Belluso, Elena

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2011.06.017

Cited by 65 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The concentrations of nanoparticles can vary (~10 before the flue gas treatment) depending on various factors such as the combustible material and flue-gas treatment system deployed in MSW incinerator plants (Buonanno et al, 2009a;Buonanno et al, 2011;Shi and Harrison, 1999;Urciuolo et al, 2008). As an approximation, 1 tonne of conventional waste can produce a total of ~3.76×10 15 nanoparticles, with about 0.1-1 times of further addition from nanocomposites incineration (Roes et al, 2012).…”

Section: Nanoparticle Emissions and Their Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For nanoparticles, studies present varying results on the efficiency of treatment systems and indicate a need for further measurements. For example, Buonanno et al (2011) with a peak at about 80 nm after the flue gas passed through the treatment systems (i.e. selective non-catalytic reduction, electrostatic precipitator spray absorber system and fabric filter) in 2007.…”

Section: Nanoparticle Emissions and Their Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Nanoparticle emissions from 11 non-vehicle exhaust sources – A review

Kumar

Pirjola

Ketzel

et al. 2013

Atmospheric Environment

294

160

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Section: Nanoparticle Emissions and Their Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nanoparticle Emissions and Their Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticle emissions from 11 non-vehicle exhaust sources – A review

Kumar

Pirjola

Ketzel

et al. 2013

Atmospheric Environment

294

160

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…In addition, one of the main formation pathways for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) is from organic precursors in the fly ash, and PAH in fly ash is most likely involved in PCDD/Fs formation as an intermediate reactant (Iino et al, 1999;Fullana et al, 2005;Chin et al, 2012). Further, fine particulates with a diameter equal to or below 2.5 µm generated from the thermal conversion of MSW can be passed more deeply into the lungs (Miller et al, 1979;Ragazzi et al, 2013;Buonanno et al, 2011) and fine particulates are also suggested to be associated with PAH (Richter et al, 2000). Therefore, understanding the emissions of PAH is an important research topic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) formation from the pyrolysis of different municipal solid waste fractions

et al. 2015

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The formation of 2-4 ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from the pyrolysis of nine different municipal solid waste fractions (xylan, cellulose, lignin, pectin, starch, polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET)) were investigated in a fixed bed furnace at 800 °C. The mass distribution of pyrolysis was also reported. The results showed that PS generated the most total PAH, followed by PVC, PET, and lignin. More PAH were detected from the pyrolysis of plastics than the pyrolysis of biomass. In the biomass group, lignin generated more PAH than others. Naphthalene was the most abundant PAH, and the amount of 1-methynaphthalene and 2-methynaphthalene was also notable.Phenanthrene and fluorene were the most abundant 3-ring PAH, while benzo[a]anthracene and chrysene were notable in the tar of PS, PVC, and PET. 2-ring PAH dominated all tar samples, and varied from 40 wt.% to 70 wt.%. For PS, PET and lignin, PAH may be generated directly from the aromatic structure of the feedstock.

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“…We do not yet know the fate and removal efficiency of nanoparticles in large-scale incinerators. A few attempts have been made to investigate individual flue gas cleaning steps, such as the electrostatic precipitator 12 , or to model the release of engineered nanoparticles from incineration to air 13 . However, because waste incinerators are complex systems that include interaction effects arising from heterogeneous waste matrices and changing process conditions, any model predictions and laboratory studies are of limited value and require verification by large-scale experiments 14,15 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Persistence of engineered nanoparticles in a municipal solid-waste incineration plant

et al. 2012

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More than 100 million tonnes of municipal solid waste are incinerated worldwide every year 1 . However, little is known about the fate of nanomaterials during incineration, even though the presence of engineered nanoparticles in waste is expected to grow 2 . Here, we show that cerium oxide nanoparticles introduced into a full-scale waste incineration plant bind loosely to solid residues from the combustion process and can be efficiently removed from flue gas using current filter technology. The nanoparticles were introduced either directly onto the waste before incineration or into the gas stream exiting the furnace of an incinerator that processes 200,000 tonnes of waste per year. Nanoparticles that attached to the surface of the solid residues did not become a fixed part of the residues and did not demonstrate any physical or chemical changes. Our observations show that although it is possible to incinerate waste without releasing nanoparticles into the atmosphere, the residues to which they bind eventually end up in landfills or recovered raw materials, confirming that there is a clear environmental need to develop degradable nanoparticles.The amount of consumer goods containing engineered nanomaterials is expected to grow 2 , and the disposal of these products represents an increasing proportion of the over one billion metric tonnes of municipal solid waste disposed globally 1 . Although landfilling is still common practice in many countries, thermal waste treatment is becoming an important alternative. For example, China plans to expand its capacity for waste incineration from 3% in 2011 to 30% by 2020 (refs 3,4), and the European Commission has been phasing out the landfill of biodegradable waste through legislation 5 . These efforts aim to minimize the amount of untreated landfill waste.Engineered nanoparticles are often designed to be evenly distributed, insoluble and stable when incorporated into consumer goods. However, these characteristics can pose problems when the nanoparticles enter the natural environment 6 . For example, the use of persistent chemicals such as fluoro-chloro-hydrocarbons in fridges has depleted the stratospheric ozone layer 7 , and the use of fibrous solids such as asbestos in building materials has resulted in high incidences of mesothelioma 8 . Furthermore, the widespread use of insecticides has seen various fluorinated compounds, dioxins and halogenated biphenyl compounds accumulate in the food web 9 . It is expected that exposure of the biosphere to persistent nanoparticles may also result in similar undesirable outcomes, so the best precautionary measure is to limit their presence and residence time in the environment. This means that there is a need for proper disposal of persistent nanoparticles.With the growing interest in using persistent nanomaterials in products, we need information on the extent to which they are modified and later made bioavailable through incineration. Nanowaste is treated directly or indirectly. For instance, wastewater treatment plants efficiently...

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Chemical, dimensional and morphological ultrafine particle characterization from a waste-to-energy plant

Cited by 65 publications

References 27 publications

Nanoparticle emissions from 11 non-vehicle exhaust sources – A review

Nanoparticle emissions from 11 non-vehicle exhaust sources – A review

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) formation from the pyrolysis of different municipal solid waste fractions

Persistence of engineered nanoparticles in a municipal solid-waste incineration plant

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