Chemical defense against predators and bacterial fouling in the Mediterranean sponges Axinella polypoides and A. verrucosa

Haber, Markus; Carbone, Marianna; Mollo, Ernesto; Gavagnin, Margherita; Ilan, Micha

doi:10.3354/meps08921

Cited by 32 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(84 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Slightly less deterrence against this species was shown by Lindel et al (2000), who found that the deterrent concentration of oroidin was greater than 1 mg ml −1 . Sceptrin, isolated from the Caribbean sponge Agelas conifera, deterred feeding by T. bifasciatum at concentrations of 1 mg ml −1 (Assmann et al, 2000), and hymenidin from the Mediterranean sponge Axinella verrucosa deterred feeding by the shrimp Palaemon elegans at 3 and 5 mg ml −1 but not at 1 mg ml −1 (Haber et al, 2011). A combination of oroidin and sceptrin at natural concentrations found in the sponge Agelas conifera was also deterrent to the damselfish Stegastes partitus (Richelle-Maurer et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In contrast to our assays, using disk diffusion assays against human opportunistic pathogens, Richelle-Maurer et al (2003) observed minor activity of sceptrin at 100-200 μg per disk, a concentration two orders of magnitude greater than that used in the present study. Haber et al (2011) found that hymenidin exhibited antibacterial activity against certain laboratory and environmental bacterial strains, but not against several other strains tested, and the authors concluded that hymenidin plays a role in the antibacterial defense of the sponge in nature, but is not the sole compound responsible for its antibacterial defense. Oroidin and sceptrin inhibited bacterial attachment at natural concentrations, and sceptrin inhibited bacterial attachment at 50 % of natural concentration (Kelly et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Spatial Variability in Secondary Metabolites of the Indo-Pacific Sponge Stylissa massa

Rohde¹,

Gochfeld

Ankisetty

et al. 2012

J Chem Ecol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chemical diversity represents a measure of selective pressures acting on genotypic variability. In order to understand patterns of chemical ecology and biodiversity in the environment, it is necessary to enhance our knowledge of chemical diversity within and among species. Many sponges produce variable levels of secondary metabolites in response to diverse biotic and abiotic environmental factors. This study evaluated intra-specific variability in secondary metabolites in the common Indo-Pacific sponge Stylissa massa over various geographic scales, from local to ocean basin. Several major metabolites were quantified in extracts from sponges collected in American Samoa, Pohnpei, Saipan, and at several sites and depths in Guam. Concentrations of several of these metabolites varied geographically across the Pacific basin, with American Samoa and Pohnpei exhibiting the greatest differences, and Guam and Saipan more similar to each other. There were also significant differences in concentrations among different sites and depths within Guam. The crude extract of S. massa exhibited feeding deterrence against the omnivorous pufferfish Canthigaster solandri at natural concentrations, however, none of the isolated compounds was deterrent at the maximum natural concentrations observed, nor were mixtures of these compounds, thus emphasizing the need for bioassay-guided isolation to characterize specific chemical defenses. Antibacterial activity against a panel of ecologically relevant pathogens was minimal. Depth transplants, predator exclusion, and UV protection experiments were performed, but although temporal variability in compound concentrations was observed, there was no evidence that secondary metabolite concentration in S. massa was induced by any of these factors. Although the reasons behind the variability observed in the chemical constituents of S. massa are still in question, all sponges are not created equal from a chemical standpoint, and these studies provide further insights into patterns of chemical diversity within S. massa.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Spatial Variability in Secondary Metabolites of the Indo-Pacific Sponge Stylissa massa

Rohde¹,

Gochfeld

Ankisetty

et al. 2012

J Chem Ecol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Recently, a symbiotic beta-proteo bacteria of the sponge C. crambe has been reported to participate in the metabolic pathways (Croué et al 2013) of 2 highly deterrent metabolites of C. crambe (Uriz et al 1996). On the other hand, polyketide synthethases (PKS) of bacterial origin, with bioactive functions, have been found in many sponge−bacteria symbioses (Piel et al 2004, Haber et al 2011, Esteves et al 2013. In all cases, the resulting substances produced by symbiotic microorganisms, either secondary metabolites or carbonate spherules, may be used by sponge species to their own benefit (deterrent, antibacterial, or antifouling roles; Uriz et al 1996), thus promoting the persistence of sponge−bacteria associations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blanquer et al 2013), which form stable symbiotic associations and contribute in several ways to the host's success (Taylor et al 2007, Thacker & Freeman 2012. For instance, some sponge symbiotic bacteria produce chemical compounds that protect the sponge from predation (Thacker et al 1998, Haber et al 2011, Esteves et al 2013. However, the possible deterrent function of an endosymbiotic bacterium, other than that mediated by bioactive chemicals, has not been explored to date.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcareous spherules produced by intracellular symbiotic bacteria protect the sponge Hemimycale columella from predation better than secondary metabolites

Garate¹,

Blanquer

Uriz³

2015

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Benthic sessile organisms in general, and sponges in particular, have developed an array of defense mechanisms to survive in crowded, resource and/or space-limited environments. Indeed, various defense mechanisms may converge in sponges to accomplish a defensive function in an additive or synergetic way, or to operate at different times during the sponge's life cycle. Moreover, sponges harbor highly diverse microbial communities that contribute in several ways to the host's success. Although some symbiotic bacteria produce chemical compounds that protect the sponge from predation, the possible deterrent function exerted by the calcareous coat of a sponge's endosymbiotic bacterium has not, to date, been explored. Hemimycale columella is an Atlanto-Mediterranean sponge, which produces bioactive metabolites and has been reported to host an intracellular bacterium with a calcite envelope. Calcibacteria accumulate in high densities at the sponge periphery, forming a kind of sub-ectosomal cortex. They have been suggested to provide the sponge with several benefits, one of which is protection from predators. In this study, we assess the relative contribution of the endosymbiotic calcibacteria and bioactive compounds produced by H. columella to defend the sponge against sympatric predators. Deterrence experiments have revealed that the sponge combines >1 defense mechanism to dissuade a large array of potential predators; this represents an example of the evolutionary fixation of redundant mechanisms of defense. The chemicals deterred Paracentrotus lividus, Chromis chromis, Oblada melanura, and Diplodus vulgaris, but not Parablennius incognitus and Coris julis, while the spherules of the symbiotic calcibacteria significantly deterred all predators assayed.

show abstract

“…Senyawa tersebut, yang umumnya bersifat toksik, dipergunakan oleh biota dasar laut di area terumbu karang untuk pertahanan dari predator, mikroorganisme patogen, maupun persaingan untuk mendapatkan ruang hidup di wilayah dasar terumbu karang (Ebada, Lin & Proksch, 2010;Haber, Carbone, Mollo, Gavagnin & Ilan, 2011;Hoeksema & De Voogd, 2012;Kelly, Jensen, Henkel, Fenical & Pawlik, 2003;Pawlik, 2011). Oleh karena itu, lingkungan terumbu karang yang baik akan memiliki berbagai interaksi persaingan ruang hidup dari berbagai biota laut.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Sitotoksisitas Invertebrata Laut sebagai Biomarker Lingkungan di Kawasan Konservasi Perairan Pulau Banda

Pratitis

Susilowati

Januar

2017

JPBKP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRAKPenelitian di bidang ekologi menunjukkan bahwa wilayah terumbu karang yang terjaga dengan baik oleh konservasi menjadi tempat yang ideal bagi biota invertebrata untuk menghasilkan senyawa bioaktif farmakologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh informasi mengenai sitotoksisitas dari spons, karang lunak dan ascidian yang berasal dari perairan Pulau Banda. Informasi sitotoksisitas invertebrata laut tersebut selanjutnya digunakan sebagai acuan dalam mempelajari sistem konservasi yang telah dilakukan. Lima j enis invertebrata laut (Sarcophyton sp., Nephthea sp., Hyrtios sp., Stylissa sp., dan Polycarpa sp.) diambil (lima ulangan acak) di kawasan konservasi Pantai Wali, Desa Solomon, Pulau Banda. Penapisan sitotoksisitas dilakukan terhadap ekstrak etanol dari keseluruhan sampel. Hasil penapisan memperlihatkan bahwa Stylissa sp. merupakan biota yang paling potensial karena ekstrak etanol dari Stylissa sp. memiliki daya sitotoksisitas tertinggi dibandingkan jenis invertebrata yang diujikan lainnya. Namun demikian, sitotoksisitas biota-biota yang diperoleh dari perairan ini tergolong rendah. Perbandingan multidimensional scaling (MDS) nilai sitotoksisitas antara sampel invertebrata dari perairan Banda dan perairan lainnya menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik perairan Pulau Banda berada pada level baik dan rendah. Oleh karena itu, sistem konservasi harus dioptimasi lebih lanjut agar dapat menjaga keberlangsungan plasma nutfah di perairan Pulau Banda. KATA KUNCI : ascidian, karang lunak, spons, perairan Pulau Banda, sitotoksisitas ABSTRACT Research in the field of ecology showed that the well-preserved coral reef in conservation regions is an ideal place for invertebrates to produce their active compounds. This study aims to obtain the information about the cytotoxicity of sponges, soft corals and ascidians that were collected from Banda Island water. The cytotoxicity information of those marine invertebrates were used as a benchmark in studying the conservation system that have been applied in

show abstract

Chemical defense against predators and bacterial fouling in the Mediterranean sponges Axinella polypoides and A. verrucosa

Cited by 32 publications

References 61 publications

Spatial Variability in Secondary Metabolites of the Indo-Pacific Sponge Stylissa massa

Spatial Variability in Secondary Metabolites of the Indo-Pacific Sponge Stylissa massa

Calcareous spherules produced by intracellular symbiotic bacteria protect the sponge Hemimycale columella from predation better than secondary metabolites

Sitotoksisitas Invertebrata Laut sebagai Biomarker Lingkungan di Kawasan Konservasi Perairan Pulau Banda

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About