Chemical Control of the Engelmann Spruce Beetle in Colorado

Massey, C. L.; Chisholm, R. D.; Wygant, N. D.

doi:10.1093/jee/46.6.951

Cited by 66 publications

(144 citation statements)

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“…Early laboratory studies conducted in Colorado indicated that temperatures below −26 °C were sufficient to kill spruce beetle adults while larvae died at −34 °C [50]. Critical low temperature thresholds were slightly higher in interior Alaska [51].…”

Section: Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…To prevent the formation of ice in their body tissues or fluids, spruce beetles accumulate cryoprotectant compounds such as glycerol to lower supercooling points [51]. Spruce beetle larvae generally have higher tolerance to extreme cold than adult beetles, although both these life stages are more freeze-tolerant than pupae [50,51]. The vigor of host trees does not appear to affect the ability of spruce beetles to produce cryoproctectants or influence rates of winter mortality [52].…”

Section: Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Spruce Beetle Biology, Ecology and Management in the Rocky Mountains: An Addendum to Spruce Beetle in the Rockies

Jenkins

Hebertson

Munson

2014

Forests

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Spruce beetle outbreaks have been reported in the Rocky Mountains of western North America since the late 1800s. In their classic paper, Spruce Beetle in the Rockies, Schmid and Frye reviewed the literature that emerged from the extensive outbreaks in Colorado in the 1940s. A new wave of outbreaks has affected Rocky Mountain subalpine spruce-fir forests beginning in the mid-1980s and continuing to the present. These outbreaks have spurred another surge of basic and applied research in the biology, ecology and management of spruce and spruce beetle populations. This paper is a review of literature on spruce beetle focusing on work published since the late 1970s and is intended as an addendum to Spruce Beetle in the Rockies.

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Section: Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Spruce Beetle Biology, Ecology and Management in the Rocky Mountains: An Addendum to Spruce Beetle in the Rockies

Jenkins

Hebertson

Munson

2014

Forests

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“…One of these consists of 12 species on Pinus and the other is a clade of six species. Of the latter, one subclade contains four species, three that have colonized Picea (Massey and Wygant, 1954;Schmid and Frye, 1977), and the other subclade consists of two species, one on Larix and one on Pseudotsuga (Bedard, 1950;Lanier, 1981;Werner, 1986;Kelley and Farrell, 1998). These phloem-feeding taxa are monophagous (species specific), or oligophagous at either the first level, in which there is colonization of multiple host-species in the same genus, or less commonly at the second level, characterized by establishment among multiple host-species within closely related genera (Stark, 1982;Sturgeon and Mitton, 1982).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rather, there is a broad central gallery, the product of behavior consistent with species of Tomicini, particularly Dendroctonus, examples of which include D. rufipennis (Hopkins, 1909a, figs. 79 and 81;Massey and Wygant, 1954, fig. 10) and D. pseudotsugae (Bedard, 1950, fig.…”

Section: Description Of Specimenmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Dendroctonus bark engraving (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) from a middle Eocene Larix (Coniferales: Pinaceae): early or delayed colonization?

Labandeira

LePage

Johnson

2001

American J of Botany

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An engraving made by a scolytid bark beetle, assigned to the genus Dendroctonus of the tribe Tomicini, has been identified on a mummified, middle Eocene (45 Ma) specimen of Larix altoborealis wood from the Canadian High Arctic. Larix altoborealis is the earliest known species of Larix, a distinctive lineage of pinaceous conifers that is taxonomically identifiable by the middle Eocene and achieved a broad continental distribution in northern North America and Eurasia during the late Cenozoic. Dendroctonus currently consists of three highly host‐specific lineages that have pinaceous hosts: a basal monospecific clade on Pinoideae (Pinus) and two sister clades that consist of a speciose clade associated exclusively with Pinoideae and six species that breed overwhelmingly in Piceoideae (Picea) and Laricoideae (Pseudotsuga and Larix). The middle Eocene engraving in L. altoborealis represents an early member of Dendroctonus that is ancestral to other congeneric species that colonized a short‐bracted species of Larix. This fossil occurrence, buttressed by recent data on the phylogeny of Pinaceae subfamilies and Dendroctonus species, indicates that there was phylogenetically congruent colonization by these bark‐beetle lineages of a Pinoideae + (Piceoideae + Laricoideae) host‐plant sequence. Based on all available evidence, an hypothesis of a geochronologically early invasion during the Early Cretaceous is supported over an alternative view of late Cenozoic cladogenesis by bark beetles onto the Pinaceae. These data also suggest that host‐plant chemistry may be an effective species barrier to colonization by some bark‐beetle taxa over geologically long time scales.

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“…The use of solar heat or radiation has been considered as an option for many decades (Craighead 1920;Graham 1924;Massey and Wygant 1954;Patterson 1930). Various studies have examined the use of solar treatments for control of bark beetles in infested logs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar treatments for reducing survival of mountain pine beetle in infested ponderosa and lodgepole pine logs

Negrón¹,

Shepperd²,

Mata³

et al. 2001

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Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of solar radiation for reducing survival of mountain pine beetle populations in infested logs. Ponderosa pine logs were used in experiments 1 and 2 and lodgepole pine logs were used in experiment 3. Experiment 1 comprised three treatments: (1) one-layer solar treatment without plastic sheeting and logs rotated one-third of a turn once a week; (2) two-layer solar treatment with plastic sheeting; and (3) two-layer solar treatment without plastic sheeting. For experiment 2, two additional one-layer treatments were added: one-layer treatment with plastic sheeting and no rotation and a one-layer with no plastic sheeting and no rotation. Experiment 3 included all the above-mentioned onelayer treatments only. For all experiments, brood density per 0.05 m 2 (0.5 ft 2 ) was estimated before and after treatment and analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. Subcortical temperatures were monitored in one replicate of all treatments in all experiments. In experiment 2, phloem moisture was monitored before and after treatment in uninfested logs. All treatments in all experiments caused drastic reductions in brood survival. In experiment 1, the one-layer treatment with the logs rotated once a week significantly reduced brood survival compared to the two-layer without plastic sheeting treatment but was not different from the two-layer with plastic sheeting treatment. There were no differences in brood survival after treatment associated with any treatments in experiments 2 and 3. In all experiments brood survival was consistently reduced in the aspects of the logs exposed to the sun. Maximum temperatures were consistently higher in the treatments with plastic sheeting, the exposed surfaces of the logs to the sun, and the upper layer of logs in the two-layer treatments. No differences were detected in phloem moisture content in uninfested logs before and after treatment in experiment 2, suggesting that heat is directly responsible for the observed reductions in survival. We conclude that solar treatments are an effective alternative for reducing mountain pine beetle survival in infested ponderosa and lodgepole pine logs.

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Chemical Control of the Engelmann Spruce Beetle in Colorado

Cited by 66 publications

References 0 publications

Spruce Beetle Biology, Ecology and Management in the Rocky Mountains: An Addendum to Spruce Beetle in the Rockies

Spruce Beetle Biology, Ecology and Management in the Rocky Mountains: An Addendum to Spruce Beetle in the Rockies

A Dendroctonus bark engraving (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) from a middle Eocene Larix (Coniferales: Pinaceae): early or delayed colonization?

Solar treatments for reducing survival of mountain pine beetle in infested ponderosa and lodgepole pine logs

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