Chemical Constituents with Leishmanicidal Activity from a Pink-Yellow Cultivar of Lantana camara var. aculeata (L.) Collected in Central Mexico

Abstract

Lantana camara (L.) is employed by several ethnical groups to treat numerous diseases. Although there are no ethnomedical reports on its use against leishmaniasis, organic extracts prepared from L. camara were shown to display leishmanicidal activity. In the present study, we carried out a bioassay-guided fractionation of the dichloromethane extract from Mexican L. camara in order to identify the compounds responsible for the leishmanicidal activity. Eighteen chromatographic fractions (FI–FXVIII) were evaluated in vitro against Leishmania mexicana and L. amazonensis. FII, FX, FXI, FXV, and FXVI showed significant activity against both Leishmania strains, the most potent of which was FXV. Eicosane (1), squalene (2), β-ionone (3), caryophyllene oxide (4), β-caryophyllene (5), hexanoic acid (6), tiglic acid (7), a mixture of lantanilic (8) and camaric (9) acids, and lantadene B (10) were identified and obtained from the active fractions and evaluated for their leishmanicidal activity. The mixture of lantanilic (8) and camaric (9) acids (79%/21%) was the most potent one (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 12.02 ± 0.36 μM). This study indicates that this cultivar of L. camara has high potential for the development of phytomedicines or as a source of natural products, which might represent lead compounds for the design of new drugs against leishmaniasis.

Antifungal Activity of Plant's Essential Oils against Post Harvest Fungal Disease of Apple Fruit

“…Essential oil of Lantana camara showed effective anti-fungal activity against Alternaria alternata followed by Fusarium oxysporum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides at different concentration which is supported by Bhattarai, Jha (2016), Deena, Thoppil (2000) and Saraf et al (2011) who showed that essential oil of Lantana camara remarkably inhibited the growth of Colletotrichum, Fusarium and Alternaria spp. This is due to the presence of different bioactive constituents such as Eicosane, squalene, β-ionone, caryophyllene oxide, β-caryophyllene, hexanoic acid and tiglic acid, a mixture of lantanilic, camaric acids, and lantadene (Delgado-Altamirano et al 2019). The Ageratina adenophora oil at different concentrations revealed against the Alternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.…”

State-of-the-Art and Opportunities for Bioactive Pentacyclic Triterpenes from Native Mexican Plants

“…PCTs can be found in the aerial parts, stems, and resin of the identified plants, which must be dried and milled prior to the extraction procedures. Usually, for extraction, organic solvents are used for the extract preparation as binary mixtures, dichloromethane (CH 2 Cl 2 ), hexane (C 6 H 14 ), chloroform (CHCl 3 ), and methyl alcohol (CH 3 OH) are the most adopted solvents [31,[35][36][37][38]41,50]. The main extraction techniques used for PCTs from Mexican plants are maceration and Soxhlet extraction [30,37,39,47].…”

“…Maceration generally occurs during a period ranging from 24 h to 9 days. It has also been reported that the temperature of the system must be below 40 • C [29,35,40]. Once the maceration is completed, the mixture can be filtered and then the solvents must be completely or partially removed under reduced pressure conditions.…”

“…In their isolated form, these PCTs had the following IC 50 s against L. mexicana: 9.50 ± 0.28 µM for (18), 2.52 ± 0.08 µM for (19), and 23.45 ± 2.15 µM for (20) while the reference drug had an IC 50 of 11,000 ± 2.15 µM. In addition, the mixtures of the compounds presented a cytotoxic effect against BALB/c mouse peritoneal macrophages when tested from 12.5 to 200 µg/mL and a half maximal cytotoxic concentration (CC 50 ) higher than 100 µg/mL [35].…”

“…Lantanilic acid (18), camaric acid (19), and lantadene B (20) from Lantana camara var. aculeata (L.) were isolated and evaluated against Leishmania mexicana promastigotes and L. amazonensis amastigotes [35]. It is important to mention, prior to the isolation of the noted compounds, that a series of chromatographic fractions were proven.…”