Chemical Constituents, Quantitative Analysis and Antioxidant Activities ofEchinacea purpurea(L.) Moench andEchinacea pallida(Nutt.) Nutt.

Abstract

Echinacea is valuable for its pharmaceutical, medicinal and agricultural properties. Flowers and leaves of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench and Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt. were extracted with methanol, filtered, and solvents were removed by rotary evaporator to get four separate extracts. The flowers and leaves of both plants were boiled in water then extracted with ethyl acetate to achieve another four extracts. Quantifications of chemical constituents of extracts were determined by TOF-LC/MS. The main compound of methanol extracts of E. purpurea and E. pallida leaves and flowers was cichoric acid. Caffeic acid was the chief compound of water extracts of both plant leaves and flowers. The antioxidant activities including DPPH free radical scavenging, ABTS cation radical scavenging and reducing power were assayed and structure-activity relationships were postulated. Water extracts of both Echinaceae species of flowers and leaves revealed excellent antioxidant activities. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSEchinacea, which is a medicinal and aromatic plant, has been used for traditional medicine in many countries. The water extract of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench and Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt. exhibited excellent antioxidant activities; therefore, these Echinacea species can be used as natural agents in food and pharmaceutical industries.

Theoretical Study on Flavonoids Isolated from Allium vineale

“…The order of metal chelating and DPPH free radical activity was as follow: chrysoeriol (2) (1). This result accorded with the theoretical study that HOMO values were -0.22449, -0.22647 and -0.22664 for compound 2, compound 3 and compound 1 respectively.…”

“…Flavonoids are polyphenolic secondary metabolites produced by plants abundantly and play a significant role in plant physiology [1][2][3][4][5]. These compounds are also found in plant-related food including fruits, vegetables, herbs, oil nuts as well as in beverages such as tea and coffee [6].…”

Inhibitory Effect of 6,7-dimethoxy-5-hydroxyflavone on Human Cervix Carcinoma in Vitro

“…Antiproliferative effect was investigated on HeLa cell lines and was demonstrated to have excellent antiproliferative activity (Figure 1). Flavonoids are one of the most common polyphenols, and they exhibit interesting and beneficial medicinal and pharmaceutical effects [13][14][15][16]. The various biological properties of flavonoids, such as antioxidant, antiinflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, immunestimulating and antiviral activities, have been reported extensively [17].…”

In vitro cloning potential and phytochemical evaluations of aneuploid individuals produced from reciprocal crosses between diploid and triploid in Echinacea purpurea L.

“…These findings provide a great opportunity for using E. purpurea aneuploids as unique cultivated resources for special genetic studies and breeding purposes. Because cichoric acid is the main medicinal compound in E. purpurea [46,47], its content should be considered preferentially when screening superior lines from aneuploids. Aneuploids that showed abnormal morphologies (e.g., A5 and A6) must be abandoned to ensure survival rates while transplanting to ex vitro conditions.…”