Chemical Constituents from Licania cruegeriana and Their Cardiovascular and Antiplatelet Effects

Elgindi

BMC Complement Altern Med

et al. 2019

Background Calothamnus quadrifidus R.Br has many traditional uses and there are few reports about its chemical and biological activities. So our aim is to isolate the triterpenoidal compounds from dichloromethane fraction (DCMF) of Calothamnus quadrifidus R.Br leaves and in addition to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the isolated compounds. Methods DCMF of C. quadrifidus leaves was subjected to different chromatographic techniques to isolate pure triterpenoidal compounds which were identified using different chemical and spectroscopic techniques. Antibacterial activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated using agar well diffusion method while minimum inhibitory concentration was assessed by microtiter plate assay method. Results Five compounds were isolated and they were betulinic acid (1), ursolic acid (2), 3-acetyl-23-hydroxy betulinic acid (3), 2,23-dihydroxy betulinic acid (4) and 2,21,23-trihydroxy betulinic acid (5) were isolated from DCMF of C. quadrifidus leaves for the first time. Compounds 4 and 5 showed strong antibacterial activity against S. typhimurium while compound 4, 5 and 3, 4 exhibits moderate effect against E.coli and S. aureus respectively. Conclusion Pure triterpenoidal compounds isolated from C. quadrifidus leaves showed antibacterial activities in different strengths.

“…All remaining correlations supported that the structure of 5 is 2, 6, 23-trihydroxy betulinic acid. All data were in a good agreement with data published before [11, 18].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Antibacterial activities of triterpenoidal compounds isolated from Calothamnus quadrifidus leaves

Elgindi

BMC Complement Altern Med

et al. 2019

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

“…Some of the terpenoids used to treat CVD are platycodin D [ 99 ], rubiarbonol C [ 100 ], rubiarbononeC [ 93 ], 3,4- seco -Olean-18-ene- 3,2,8-dioic acid [ 101 ], β -Sitosterol glycoside, ursolic acid, triterpenic acid, asiatic acid [ 102 ], astragaloside IV [ 103 ], betulinic acid [ 101 ], 6 β -OH-Betulinic acid [ 104 ], boswellic acid [ 105 ], and celastrol [ 106 ] ( Figure 6 ). Corosolic acid [ 107 ] reduces atherosclerosis in the abdominal aorta (6.16 percent vs. 46.56 percent, aortic arch (21.19 percent vs. 40.11 percent and aortic valve (11.36 percent vs. 17.52 percent).…”

Section: Plant-derived Phytochemicals In Prevention and Treatment Of Cvdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases with Plant Phytochemicals: A Review

Bachheti

Abate

Gonfa

et al. 2022

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the world’s leading killers, accounting for 30% deaths. According to the WHO report, CVDs kill 17.9 million people per year, and there will be 22.2 million deaths from CVD in 2030. The death rates rise as people get older. Regarding gender, the death rate of women by CVD (51%) is higher than that of men (42%). To decrease and prevent CVD, most people rely on traditional medicine originating from the plant (phytochemicals) in addition to or in preference to commercially available drugs to recover from their illness. The CVD therapy efficacy of 92 plants, including 15 terrestrial plants, is examined. Some medicinal plants well known to treat CVD are, Daucus carota, Nerium oleander, Amaranthus Viridis, Ginkgo biloba, Terminalia arjuna, Picrorhiza kurroa, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Tinospora cordifolia, Mucuna pruriens, Hydrocotyle asiatica, Bombax ceiba, and Andrographis paniculate. The active phytochemicals found in these plants are flavonoids, polyphenols, plant sterol, plant sulphur compounds, and terpenoids. A general flavonoid mechanism of action is to prevent low-density lipoprotein oxidation, which promotes vasodilatation. Plant sterols prevent CVD by decreasing cholesterol absorption in the blood. Plant sulphur compound also prevent CVD by activation of nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and inhibition of cholesterol synthesis. Quinone decreases the risk of CVD by increasing ATP production in mitochondria while terpenoids by decreasing atherosclerotic lesion in the aortic valve. Although several physiologically active compounds with recognized biological effects have been found in various plants because of the increased prevalence of CVD, appropriate CVD prevention and treatment measures are required. More research is needed to understand the mechanism and specific plants’ phytochemicals responsible for treating CVD.

“…Dihydroxymyricetin-3--O-α-rhamnoside was found to be one of the major phenolic constituents responsible for antiaggregatory effect of Licania cruegeriana Urb. extracts (37). This compound has shown inhibition of platelet aggregation in assays induced by collagen, arachidonic acid and ADP.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Antiplatelet Action Of Individual Flavonoids Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antithrombotic activity of flavonoids and polyphenols rich plant species

et al. 2019

Cardiovascular diseases represent one of the most notable health problems of the modern civilization. Stroke and heart attack often lead to lethal outcome; essential problem underneath being thrombus formation. Prophylactic approaches include acetylsalicylic acid and clopidogrel therapy on the level of primary hemostasis, i.e., primary clot formation. In the last five years, in the USA, health care expenses related to cardiovascular diseases have increased 50 %, to over 350 billion dollars. Thus, application of plant species and medicinal plants rich in polyphenols in prevention of thrombus formation are of interest. This is supported by the fact that the number of publications on antiaggregatory effect of polyphenols has doubled in the last decade. In this review we focus on antiaggregatory effect of most abundant polyphenols – flavonoids, the effect of plant extracts rich in polyphenols (propolis, species Salvia sp., Calamintha nepeta L., Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Melissa officinalis L, Mentha x piperita L., Ocimum basilicum L., Origanum vulgare L., Rosmarinus officinalis L.) on platelet aggregation, association of chemical composition and antioxidant properties with the observed biological effect, and possible clinical significance of the published results.