Chemical constituents and physical properties of guayule wood and bark

Chow, Poo; Nakayama, F. S.; Blahnik, Brian; Youngquist, John A.; Coffelt, T. A.

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2008.03.006

Cited by 35 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Usually, extractive levels in bark are higher than in wood, and similarly, the total phenols level in bark has been shown to be higher [27, 41], although some studies have reported higher polyphenols levels in wood than in bark [42, 43]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Analysis and Study of Phenolics, Antioxidant Activity, and Antibacterial Effect of the Wood and Bark ofMaclura tinctoria(L.) D. Don ex Steud.

Lamounier

Cunha

Morais

et al. 2012

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Maclura tinctoria (L.) D. Don ex Steud. has one of the highest qualities among the coefficients for Brazilian woods (up to 9.6) and resistance rates equivalent to Indian teak (Tectona grandis). In this study, the macromolecular constituents and total phenols compounds as well as the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of this wood were evaluated. Total phenols and proanthocyanidin levels were higher in wood when compared with bark levels. The antioxidant activity of wood extracts (IC50 = 18.7 μg/mL) was more effective than that of bark extracts (IC50 = 20.9 μg/mL). Wood and bark extracts revealed a high potential for inhibition of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The bark extracts were the most active (MIC from 20 to 60 μg/mL). Both antioxidant activity and high potential for bacteria inhibition turn these extracts promising for drug formulations, especially as antibacterial agent.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Analysis and Study of Phenolics, Antioxidant Activity, and Antibacterial Effect of the Wood and Bark ofMaclura tinctoria(L.) D. Don ex Steud.

Lamounier

Cunha

Morais

et al. 2012

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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“…It is noteworthy that a similar distribution of S and G units were found in CWs than for the other samples, as were the ozonation product yields (E+T). The low yields found for the bark and leaf samples could have been partially caused by the uncertainty in the results of the KL determination for leaf and bark because of the presence of other condensable products than lignin (Chang and Mitchell 1955;Solar et al 1992;Jin et al 2003;Chow et al 2008). The results for the branch were similar to the results for the RW in stem, the usW of the branch having a slightly lower lignin content, a higher syringyl ratio, and a higher erythro ratio than the lsW of the branch (Table 1).…”

Section: A B Erythro Ratio [E/(e+t)] B1 A1 B2 A2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of guaiacyl-syringyl lignin in reaction wood in the gymnosperm Gnetum gnemon L.

Nawawi¹,

Syafii

Akiyama³

et al. 2016

Holzforschung

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Gnetum gnemon L. is a unique gymnosperm species showing angiosperm-like features in terms of its morphology and chemical composition of the cell wall. Xylan is the main hemicellulose component, and its lignin is primarily composed of syringyl (S) and guaiacyl (G) units and small amounts of p-hydroxyphenyl (H) units. In the present study, in addition to branch, root, bark, and leaf samples, the reaction wood (RW) taken from the leaning stem of G. gnemon, was investigated mainly by alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation, ozonation and NMR spectroscopy. The leaning stem was wider on the lower side of the wood stem (lsW) than on the upper side (usW), similar to the case for compression wood (CW) in gymnosperms. The usW contained lignin with a higher S/G ratio, and β-O-4 structure had a higher erythro/threo ratio, while both ratios decreased around the periphery of the stem towards the lsW. The lignin content was higher towards the lsW. Overall, the lignin composition in the RW of this tree was similar to that in the tension wood of angiosperms. The H-units were minor components in the lignin, but the content was higher towards the lsW, which resembles the distribution of the H-units in a gymnosperm CW.

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“…Cellulose has different physical and mechanical properties, giving plant strength and toughness (Chowa et al, 2008). Fungal attack tocell wall cellulose reduces tree flexibility, whereas lignin degradation affects compressive strength of wood, a significant loss of this resistance occurs before the rot is detected in the wood (Murace et al, 2006), there are no reports that cellulose has a relationship with plant defense against pathogens, but the data suggest an association.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary Metabolite Changes in Pecan (<i>Carya illinoensis</i>) Tissue Damaged by <i>Euplatypus segnis</i> Chapuis and Associated Fungi

Alvidrez-Villarreal¹,

Hernández-Castillo²,

García-Martínez³

et al. 2011

American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences

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Problem statement:The borer insect Euplatypus segnis Chapuis is associated to Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Alternariaalternata and Botryodiplodia theobromae fungi which produce regressive death in pecan (Carya illinoensis) trees. In the Mexico northern have been reported loses estimatesof more than 20% in production by the combination of insects and phytopathogen organisms. It also has been observed that some trees can survive with or without chemical treatment. Approach: The aim of present study was to determine the biochemical changes (contained of nitrogen, crude protein, terpen, condensed and hydrolyzable tannins, cellulose, lignin and silicium) in tissue of pecan trees cv. Western colonized by Ambrosia Borer (Euplatypus segnis Chapuis) and associated fungi complex. Three damaged trees and three healthy trees were sampled in three different plantations in each one of three Coahuila State localities. The responses variables were analyzed under a nested design, Tukey s test (p<0.05) was used to compare mean treatment differences. Results: Dataindicated that content of: terpenes, hydrolyzables tannins, cellulose, lignin and silicium increased significantly in the damaged trees in comparison to healthy trees. Conclusion: This results allowed inferring that these components increased as a chemical defense answer to insect invasion and to the enzymatic action of the associated phyto-pathogenic fungi.

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Chemical constituents and physical properties of guayule wood and bark

Cited by 35 publications

References 2 publications

Chemical Analysis and Study of Phenolics, Antioxidant Activity, and Antibacterial Effect of the Wood and Bark ofMaclura tinctoria(L.) D. Don ex Steud.

Chemical Analysis and Study of Phenolics, Antioxidant Activity, and Antibacterial Effect of the Wood and Bark ofMaclura tinctoria(L.) D. Don ex Steud.

Characteristics of guaiacyl-syringyl lignin in reaction wood in the gymnosperm Gnetum gnemon L.

Secondary Metabolite Changes in Pecan (<i>Carya illinoensis</i>) Tissue Damaged by <i>Euplatypus segnis</i> Chapuis and Associated Fungi

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