This is the first report of an ongoing research to establish a sarcosaprophagous arthropod database in the Coahuilan semidesert. Seven pigs (Sus scrofa L.) were used as human models to determine succession in an open urban area during the 2007 winter-spring period. Arthropods were collected manually and from pitfall traps. Carcass biomass loss, as well as arthropod colonization, was recorded during 71 days postmortem. Five decomposition stages were identified during which most abundant orders were found to be Diptera, Coleoptera, and Hymenoptera. Lucilia sericata (Meigen), Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart), Necrobia rufipes (DeGeer), Dermestes maculatus (DeGeer), Pheidole hyatti Emery, and Pogonomyrmex rugosus Emery stood out as dominant species.
Immature blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) collected from decomposing human remains are often used to determine the minimum postmortem interval (PMImin). Phormia regina (Meigen) is a common blow fly of cosmopolitan distribution that is often associated in such cases. P. regina development at two different cyclic temperatures was examined in this study. A field validation study was conducted to determine the accuracy of applying these data to determine the PMImin. Minimal total development time was 32.52 d at cyclic 14.0 +/- 2.0 degrees C and 16.60 d at cyclic 20.5 +/- 3.1 degrees C. The minimal larval development was significantly different (P < 0.05) across temperatures. Larval development needed 15.5 d at 14.0 degrees C and 7.5 d at 20.5 degrees C. For the validation study, instar, mean, and maximum of length and weight data of the larvae collected in the field were analyzed with data generated from the 20.5 degrees C treatment, as it more closely reflected the field conditions experienced. Accuracy in estimating PMImin, was highly variable depending on the unit of measurement used and instar of P. regina collected from the field. Using the oldest instar to estimate a PMImin resulted in ranges that always encompassed the true time of colonization. Accuracy in hours when using measurements units as mean length or weight, and maximal length or weight, varied among the larval instars. In the first instar the greatest overestimation was made with maximal weight while the greatest underestimation was made with mean weight. The most accurate estimate produced with first instars was based on maximal length. In the second instar, there was no overestimation and the greatest underestimation was made with mean weight and the most accurate estimate produced was with maximal length. In the third instar, the greatest overestimation was made with maximal length, and the greatest underestimation was made with mean weight. The estimated time of colonization based on maximal weight was most accurate for third instars.
Mediante la comparación de sus parámetros poblacionales, fecundidad y tasa sexual, se evaluó el desempeño de cuatro poblaciones de Trichogramma pretiosum Riley: dos líneas puras altamente endogámicas (98%) con bajo y alto desempeño (2 y 43 respectivamente) y dos líneas genéticamente variables (producto de la combinación de 26 líneas puras) con 2 y 40 generaciones. Los resultados muestran que tanto en los parámetros poblacionales Ro, T, λ y rm, como en la fecundidad, la línea genéticamente variable con dos generaciones presenta los mejores resultados seguido de la genéticamente variable con 40 generaciones, después se ubica a la línea 43 y por último a la línea pura 2. Se compara la fecundidad y proporción sexual observada a las 48 h y total. La fecundidad a las 48 h no presenta diferencias significativas en entre las líneas genéticamente variables y la línea pura 43. La proporción sexual observada a las 48 h, no presenta diferencias significativas entre las dos líneas genéticamente variables y la línea pura 43, relación que cambia en la proporción sexual total, donde se observó que las líneas genéticamente variables producen un mayor número de machos en los días subsecuentes.
El objetivo fue identificar las especies de trips depredadoras asociadas al cultivo del aguacate en el Estado de Nayarit. El trabajo se llevó a cabo en cuatro huertas de aguacate del cultivar “Hass” y una con los cultivares “Choquette” y “Hall”. Se realizaron muestreos semanales de enero a diciembre de 2008, utilizando las técnicas de muestreo de derribo y redeo. Se determinaron 294 trips con hábitos depredadores, resultando 16 especies. Franklinothrips vespiformis fue la especie más representada (21.8 %), seguida de Leptothrips primigenus (21.4%), y F. orizabensis (19.0 %), las restantes especies recolectadas representaron el 37.8 %.
Euplatypus segnis is an insect pest of economic importance in pecan (Carya illinoensis) trees grown at Parras, General Cepeda and Torreón Coahuila, Mexico. The objectives in this studywere to identify the fungal strains associated to ambrosia borer body and diseased pecan wood and determine their pathogenicity. The results showed that the associated fungi to Euplatypus segnis and damaging the pecan wood were identified as: Helminthosporium sp., Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Phoma sp., Ascochyta sp., Phaecylomices sp., Umbeliopsis sp., Torula sp., Fusarium solani, Alternaria alternata, Fusarum oxysporum, and Lasiodiplodia theobromae. The pathogenicity tests on healthy 3 year old pecan trees cv. western using Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Alternaria alternata and Lasiodiplodia theobromae suspension conidia shown die back tree branches after 84 days inoculation. The insect in combination with the fungal invasion eventually cause the death of trees. Additionally, the insect contributes to the spread of fungi in pecan nut orchards.
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