Chemical constituents and bioactivities of Glinus oppositifolius

Abstract

Objectives:To isolate the secondary metabolites from the dichloromethane (DCM) extracts of Glinus oppositifolius; to test for the cytotoxicity of a new triterpene, oppositifolone (1); and to test for the hypoglycemic, analgesic, and antimicrobial potentials of 1, DCM and aqueous leaf extracts of G. oppositifolius.Methods:The compounds were isolated by silica gel chromatography and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The cytotoxicity potential of 1 was tested using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Triterpene 1, DCM, and aqueous leaf extracts were tested for hypoglycemic potential using the oral glucose tolerance test; analgesic potential using the tail-flick assay, and antimicrobial potential using the disc diffusion method.Results:The DCM extracts of G. oppositifolius afforded 1, squalene, spinasterol, oleanolic acid, phytol, and lutein from the leaves; squalene and spergulagenin A from the stems; and spinasterol from the roots. Triterpene 1 was cytotoxic against human colon carcinoma 116 with an IC50 value of 28.7 but did not exhibit cytotoxicity against A549. The aqueous leaf extract at 200 mg/kg body weight (BW) exhibited hypoglycemic activity with a pronounced % blood glucose reduction of 70.76% ±17.4% within 0.5 h after introduction. The DCM leaf extract showed a lower % blood glucose reduction of 18.52% ±13.5% at 200 mg/kg BW within 1.5 h after introduction, while 1 did not exhibit hypoglycemic activity. The samples did not exhibit analgesic property and were inactive against multiple drug resistant bacterial pathogens.Conclusion:The compounds responsible for the hypoglycemic activity of G. oppositifolius which are fast acting (0.5 h) are found in the aqueous leaf extract.

Isolation and Characterization of Chemopreventive agent from Sphaeranthus amaranthoides Burm F

“…In the US NCI plant screening program, a crude extract is supposed to have in vitro cytotoxic activity following incubation between 48 h and 72 h if the GI 50 value in carcinoma cells is less than 20 μg/mL. [ 6 7 ]…”

Triterpenoids and Their Glycosides from Glinus Oppositifolius with Antifungal Activities against Microsporum Gypseum and Trichophyton Rubrum

“…However, we cannot exclude the possibility that some of the isolated compounds might be artifacts resulted from the extraction treatment, for example compound 23 might be artifacts of ethanol extraction. The triterpenoids and their glycosides were hopane-type and oleanane-type which have been proofed to be existing in this plant [9,13]. Four compounds including glinusopposide B ( 6 ), glinusopposide Q ( 21 ), glinusopposide T ( 24 ), and glinusopposide U ( 25 ) showed considerable inhibitory activities against M. gypseum and T. rubrum .…”

“…It is used to treat leprosy, leukoderma, heart, and skin diseases in the traditional medicine of Myanmar [5]. The major secondary metabolites from G. oppositifolius are triterpenoids and their glycosides, which exhibit α-glucosidase inhibitory [8], cytotoxic [9], and antiprotozoal activities [10]. There is little research reported the anti-fungal activities of G. oppositifolius .…”

Phytochemical constituents and ethnopharmacological properties of Ageratum conyzoides L.

“…Some of them exhibit activity against flatworms of the order trematodes (Cheeseman & Cooksen, 1979). Ragasa, Tepora, and Rideout (1998) reported that 6-(1-hydroxyethyl)-7,8 dimethoxy-2,2dimethylchromene and 6hydroxy-7,8 dimethoxy-2,2-dimethylchromene are the derivatives of 2,2-dimethylchromene, which showed antimicrobial activity (Inte, Ragasa, & Rideout, 1998).…”