Abstract:BackgroundBixa orellana L. has been traditionally used in Central and South America to treat a number of ailments, including internal inflammation, and in other tropical countries like Malaysia as treatment for gastric ulcers and stomach discomfort. The current study aimed to determine the major chemical constituents of the aqueous extract of B. orellana (AEBO) and to evaluate the antihistamine activity of AEBO during acute inflammation induced in rats.MethodsAcute inflammation was produced by subplantar injec… Show more
“…3 Ornamental plants, such as F. pumila are grown for only their aesthetic value. According to Yong et al, 4 the leaves of this plant have antimicrobial, antileishmanial, and anti-inflammatory effects among many other medicinal benefits. These benefits could be attributed to the wide array of chemicals contained in it.…”
INTRODUCTIONCancer is one of the most severe health problems in both developing and developed countries worldwide. Among the most common types of cancers are lung, stomach, colorectal, liver, and breast. Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men whereas breast cancer is the most common type in women.1 Curative surgery is the first option for patients with early-stage cancer while radiotherapy and chemotherapy have proven to be effective treatments for patients in the advanced stages. However, the curative effect of traditional chemotherapeutic drugs is limited and their ABSTRACT Background: Cancer is one of the many diseases of global concern due to its high mortality rate with drug resistance becoming a major challenge to chemotherapy and this have propelled many cancer patients to seek alternative and complementary methods of treatment. The objective for this study was, therefore, to determine the antiproliferative activity as well as phytochemical, total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant activity of the stem and leaf extracts (FPS and FPL) of Ficus pumila (L.) using standard methods. Methods: The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used to evaluate anti-proliferative effect and spectrophotometric-based assays for antioxidant and TPC. Phytochemical constituents were accessed by standard methods.
Results:The hydroethanolic extracts of the leaves and stems were rich in tannins, general glycosides, saponins, terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids (leaves only), and sterols (stem only). Strong total antioxidant activities were observed with FPL and FPS with EC 50 values of 0.07 mg/ml and 0.089 mg/ml, respectively. All the crude extracts showed anti-proliferative effect towards the three human leukemic cell lines used (Jurkat, CEM,. However, FPL gave the strongest inhibition concentration at 50% values of 130.97 µg/ml (Jurkat) and 56.31 µg/ml (HL-60). Conclusion: These findings suggest that crude extracts of FPS and FPL have antiproliferative effect on the leukemia cells. The antioxidant properties of the plant including phenolics may be partly responsible for the anti-proliferative activity. Further studies are required to isolate chemical components of the plant and establish their anti-proliferative activities and mechanism of action.
“…3 Ornamental plants, such as F. pumila are grown for only their aesthetic value. According to Yong et al, 4 the leaves of this plant have antimicrobial, antileishmanial, and anti-inflammatory effects among many other medicinal benefits. These benefits could be attributed to the wide array of chemicals contained in it.…”
INTRODUCTIONCancer is one of the most severe health problems in both developing and developed countries worldwide. Among the most common types of cancers are lung, stomach, colorectal, liver, and breast. Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men whereas breast cancer is the most common type in women.1 Curative surgery is the first option for patients with early-stage cancer while radiotherapy and chemotherapy have proven to be effective treatments for patients in the advanced stages. However, the curative effect of traditional chemotherapeutic drugs is limited and their ABSTRACT Background: Cancer is one of the many diseases of global concern due to its high mortality rate with drug resistance becoming a major challenge to chemotherapy and this have propelled many cancer patients to seek alternative and complementary methods of treatment. The objective for this study was, therefore, to determine the antiproliferative activity as well as phytochemical, total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant activity of the stem and leaf extracts (FPS and FPL) of Ficus pumila (L.) using standard methods. Methods: The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used to evaluate anti-proliferative effect and spectrophotometric-based assays for antioxidant and TPC. Phytochemical constituents were accessed by standard methods.
Results:The hydroethanolic extracts of the leaves and stems were rich in tannins, general glycosides, saponins, terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids (leaves only), and sterols (stem only). Strong total antioxidant activities were observed with FPL and FPS with EC 50 values of 0.07 mg/ml and 0.089 mg/ml, respectively. All the crude extracts showed anti-proliferative effect towards the three human leukemic cell lines used (Jurkat, CEM,. However, FPL gave the strongest inhibition concentration at 50% values of 130.97 µg/ml (Jurkat) and 56.31 µg/ml (HL-60). Conclusion: These findings suggest that crude extracts of FPS and FPL have antiproliferative effect on the leukemia cells. The antioxidant properties of the plant including phenolics may be partly responsible for the anti-proliferative activity. Further studies are required to isolate chemical components of the plant and establish their anti-proliferative activities and mechanism of action.
“…Several studies have examined the chemical constituents that may be responsible for the pharmacological effects of Bixa leaf extracts, and a variety of constituents with potential pharmacological activities have been detected. Phytochemical screens of Bixa leaves have demonstrated the presence of terpenes, triterpenes, steroids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, sugars, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids and other phenolic compounds (Shilpi et al ., ; Quanico et al ., ; Huaman et al ., ; Ponnusamy et al ., ; Tamil Selvi et al ., ; Conrad et al ., ; Giorgi et al ., ; Yong et al ., ). It should be noted that in most of these studies, general phytochemical screening techniques were employed, without the identification of specific chemical constituents in any of these general categories.…”
Section: Chemical Constituentsmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…The anti‐inflammatory and antihistaminic activities of an aqueous extract of Bixa leaves were also demonstrated by Yong et al . (). A dose of 150 mg/kg was effective in suppressing histamine‐induced paw edema in rats as well as eliminating peritoneal vascular permeability.…”
Section: Anti‐inflammatory Antioxidant and Analgesic Activitiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Yong et al . () assessed the chemical composition of an aqueous Bixa leaf extract by GC‐MS and showed that acetic acid was the major constituent with lesser amounts of 2‐butanamine, pentanoic acid, phenol, pantolactone and benzoic acid.…”
Bixa orellana leaf preparations have been used for many years by indigenous people for a variety of medicinal applications. Published research studies in animals indicate that various extracts of Bixa leaves exhibit antioxidant, broad antimicrobial (antibacterial and antifungal), anti-inflammatory, analgesic, hypoglycemic, and antidiarrheal activities. No studies have specifically assessed the ability of leaf extracts to inhibit urogenital infections although Bixa products have been used in folkloric medicine to treat gonorrhea and other infections. Few human studies have been conducted and published using Bixa leaf preparations. Many more studies have been conducted and published involving Bixa seed (annatto) extracts than with leaf extracts. No subchronic safety (toxicity) studies have been conducted in animals. A 6 month study in humans given 750 mg of leaf powder per day demonstrated no significant or serious adverse effects. Bixa leaf extracts appear to be safe when given under current conditions of use. However, additional human and animal controlled safety and efficacy studies are needed. In addition, detailed chemical analyses are required to establish structure-function relationships.
“…The anti-inflammatory property of urucum is associated, at least in part, with its antibradykinin activity, reduction of NO production and inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (Yong et al 2011(Yong et al , 2013a. As regards to these antibacterial properties mentioned above, annatto can also be used as colorant in food industry.…”
Brazil has a long tradition in the study of medicinal plants. When the Portuguese arrived to the new colony, Pero Vaz de Caminha, the scriber of the fleet, left the first impressions of the local and the inhabitants. He clearly mentions how the Indians use natural dye as tincture to paint their bodies. This article reviews the phytochemical and pharmacological characteristics of these colorants and other medicinal plants recently identified mentioned in this letter.
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