Chemical Compounds Responsible for Skin Allergy to Complex Mixtures: How to Identify Them?

Abstract

In the cosmetics industry, various natural complex mixtures such as botanical extracts and essential oils are used. In addition, finished consumer products may contain a number of constituents of natural origin but many products are derived from organic synthesis too. Hence, finding skin sensitizers within this myriad of chemicals is an arduous task. Nowadays, methods validated by European dedicated instances to evaluate the allergenicity of chemicals are incapable of predicting the sensitization potential of complex mixtures, although research has progressed a lot in this direction recently. In this context, precisely identifying the culprit(s) responsible for skin sensitization in these mixtures is essential for risk assessment. This review is a short summary of approaches that identify allergens in chemical mixtures such as bioassay-guided chemical fractionation, structure-activity relationship studies, and recent methods allowing identification of reactive intermediates in natural extracts exposed to air oxidation. It is shown that substantial progress has been made, although the identification of sensitizers in complex mixtures continues to be puzzling.

Optimization and Analytical Behavior of Electrochemical Sensors Based on the Modification of Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) Using PANI/MWCNTs/AuNPs for Mercury Detection

“…In the presence of certain metal ions and compounds commonly found in cosmetic products, such as pyrophosphate, papain, oligosaccharides, vitamin C, mannitol, collagen, amino acid, stearic acid, benzene, toluene, cetyl palmitate, methylene glycol, sodium chloride, potassium cetyl sulphate and tea tree oil [ 34 , 35 ], the current responses were analyzed to verify the selectivity of the sensor created. The metal ions and other elements from the literature have the potential to affect the condition.…”

Application of direct peptide reactivity assay for assessing the skin sensitization potential of essential oils

“…The main compounds recorded in Lavandulae aetheroleum are linalool (37.87%) and linalyl acetate (12.14%), in Melissae aetheroleum geranial (27.71%), neral (19.52%), caryophyllene oxide (10.20%) and geraniol (6.56%), in Thymi aetheroleum thymol (36.63%) and p-cymene (29.93%) and in Menthae longifoliae aetheroleum piperitone oxide (59.99%) and 1,8-cineole (9.30%). Linalool 18 , 19 , citral 20 , p-cymene 21 , 22 , geraniol 23 and thymol 24 are known as substances with some concern to cause skin sensitization. However, linalool is reported negative for DPRA 25 .…”