Chemical composition of Zamzam water: A comparative study with international standards of drinking water

Donia, Ahmed Farouk; Mortada, Wael I.

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06038

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The results of the present study pointed that chemical composition of Zamzam water is acceptable according to guidelines of WHO and US EPA for drinking water. Differences among studies could be explained by many factors such as differences in the laboratory methods used for water analysis, material used due to variable water samples, ways of collection, season, or the preservation of water in bottles and the source of the samples (Donia, et al [14]). According to the present research work, it was found that the pH of Zamzam water is alkaline which is similar in result with (Kellas,et al [8,15]) Zamzam water has a therapeutic effect and can neutralize the excess hydrochloric acid which is formed in the stomach and reduce heartburn.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

"Sacred Zamzam Water: Metallic Profile and Health Benefits"

Bhardwaj

2023

BJSTR

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Background and Aim: Zamzam water plays a central role in the Muslim religious tradition. It has been used for over 5000 years according to Hijri calendar. Many Muslims drink Zamzam water for use either medicinally or religiously. Its safety is a public health issue, as it is consumed by thousands of Muslims. It is considered as miraculous and holy water by Muslims. Millions of pilgrims drink it and take bottles of it to their countries. The objective of this study was to draw up the mineral, metallic profile, and health benefits of Zamzam water.Material and Methods: Samples were collected via different Zamzam taps which are distributed in the Masjid Al Haram in Mecca in Saudi Arabia. Multi-elemental analysis was done by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and nutrient analysis by HACH spectrophotometer. The physicochemical parameters were determined such as pH, salinity, TDS, conductivity, nitrate, nitrite, sulphate, phosphorous, total hardness, chloride, and heavy metal concentration. The results were assessed statistically and compared with the international standards.Results and Discussion: Zamzam water has a rich mineral composition. It has Magnesium (11±0.05 mg/L), Calcium (19.802±0.09 mg/L), Sodium (68.001±0.06 mg/L), Potassium (33.489±0.02 mg/L). Heavy metals like Lead, zinc, nickel, manganese, copper was not detected. Despite its complex metallic composition, nutrients like nitrate (15.8±0.2 mg/L), sulphate (64±0.5 mg/L), phosphorous (0.02 mg/L) were also detected. Experimental studies indicate that Zamzam water is safe and healthy to drink and does not induce hepatotoxicity or nephrotoxicity, according to the literature. Conclusion:Minerals and metallic properties of Zamzam water give it interesting therapeutic benefits which are not fully known to date. More careful studies on Zamzam water are required to lift the veil on other potential health benefit effects of this water. In conclusion the results of the present study indicated that Zamzam water is an alkaline mineral water, unpolluted by heavy metals and is safe for consumption.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

"Sacred Zamzam Water: Metallic Profile and Health Benefits"

Bhardwaj

2023

BJSTR

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“…Apart from this, 127 out of 143 respondents (n=127) were answered the question correctly regarding Zamzam water being fit for drinking. In a study conducted by Donia & Mortada (2021), arsenic concentrations in all Zamzam water samples were below the instrumental detection limit, according to their findings (bottled and tap-collected samples). About 118 respondents were answered yes to the question regarding olive oil is recommended by the Prophet for both as food and ointment.…”

Section: Knowledge Of Prophetic Food Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Prophetic Food Consumption Among Undergraduate Students of Universiti Sains Malysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan

Anwar

Yusoff

2022

e-Bangi

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Islam is a way of life for many people. Muhammad (PBUH) is the perfect example in every way. Halal and tayyib food is essential in Islam for prosperity and well-being. Food consumption can potential to influence human growth of akhlaq, morality, and psychology. The purpose of this study was to identify the levels of knowledge, attitude, and practice of prophetic food consumption among undergraduate students of USM, Health Campus. The current study was conducted at the USM Health Campus in Kelantan from September 2021 to February 2022. A total of 143 students were recruited for this cross-sectional study using the convenience sampling method. A questionnaire based on the prophetic food consumption details was developed, consisting of four sections: demographic data, knowledge, attitude, and consumption practice. The results showed that 21.7% of the respondents took prophetic food, 31% had a positive attitude and there were 48.3% less in consuming prophetic food. There was a significant difference in the mean knowledge score between age group, mean knowledge, attitude and practice scores between ethnicity, mean knowledge, attitude and practice between religion, mean knowledge and attitude scores between the fields of study groups, and mean knowledge, attitude, between the level of study, according to Man Whitney Test and Kruskal Wallis statistical tests. Based on the Spearman correlation test, a positive correlation was found between knowledge and attitude (r = 0.391, p = 0.000), knowledge and practice (r= 0.200, p=0.017), and attitude and practice (r = 0.314, p=0.000). The findings may help the healthcare providers and authorities plan awareness programs for the young consumers on practising prophetic diet daily and to understand the evolution of beliefs related to prophetic food as effective medications. Finally, prophetic food must be emphasised and shared with multi-religious university students to be more familiar with the relevant health and sustainability issues.

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“…The well is currently on the ground floor and is encircled by glass plates, allowing visitors to get a look into clearly. 20 Due to the presence of several cariostatic components as fluoride, calcium, sodium, and potassium, Zamzam water is helpful in decreasing enamel solubility and increasing its resistance to caries attack. 21 The hydroxyapatite crystals in teeth conduct chemical reactions with all of these minerals, which reduce porosity and promote enamel microhardness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Zamzam Water and ProShieldR Varnish on Microhardness of Eroded Primary Enamel Teeth Induced by Ironplus Syrup: An In Vitro Study

Altaee,

Qasim

2024

Pharmacogn J.

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Background:The objective of the current study was to evaluate the erosive adverse effect of paediatric Iron plus syrup and the remineralization effectualness of Zamzam Water and ProShield R Varnish on microhardness of primary teeth. Materials and method: Forty primary anterior teeth were randomly distributed into five groups, each group has eight samples (N=8) assigned as: group1: control negative, group2: control positive, group3: 5% Sodium Fluoride Varnish, group4: Zamzam water and group5: Zamzam water and 5% Sodium Fluoride Varnish. Excluding the control negative group from them, all samples were immersed in 100ml of Iron plus syrup and agitated for 2 min once a day for 14 days. Then those groups were treated with remineralizing agents of: 5% Sodium Fluoride Varnish for 24 hours, Zamzam water for 30 min every 12 h for 12 days and the combination therapy initiated by Zamzam water then after 30 min, 5% Sodium Fluoride Varnish was applied for 24hrs. Vickers Microhardness test and Polarized Light Microscope were two adopted tests that this study dependent upon. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in microhardness mean values when making a comparison between the baseline and Iron plus tested groups, furthermore ANOVA and Duncan's Multiple Range test showed that there was a highly significant statistical difference in microhardness mean values among baseline, demineralization and remineralization groups at P-Value ≤ 0.01. Conclusion: The surface microhardness of the primary enamel was reduced owing to the potential erosive efficacy of the used paediatric pharmaceutical preparations. On the other extreme, the previous readings had increased after being treated with remineralizing agents meaning that they have the capacity to battle against erosive potential reaching its highest capability in terms of reminerlization with the combination treatment group.

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Chemical composition of Zamzam water: A comparative study with international standards of drinking water

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

"Sacred Zamzam Water: Metallic Profile and Health Benefits"

"Sacred Zamzam Water: Metallic Profile and Health Benefits"

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Prophetic Food Consumption Among Undergraduate Students of Universiti Sains Malysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan

The Effect of Zamzam Water and ProShieldR Varnish on Microhardness of Eroded Primary Enamel Teeth Induced by Ironplus Syrup: An In Vitro Study

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