Chemical Composition of Essential Oil and Leaf Anatomy of Salvia bertolonii Vis. and Salvia pratensis L. (Sect. Plethiosphace, Lamiaceae)

Abstract

The taxonomical relationship between Salvia pratensis and S. bertolonii has been unclear for a long time. Salvia bertolonii has alternatively been considered a synonym, a subspecies, a problematic subspecies and a form of Salvia pratensis. However, both these two species are sometimes used in traditional medicine instead of sage (Salvia officinalis) or as an adulteration for the same drug. In order to confirm the status of S. bertolonii, together with the potential identification characteristics for differentiation from sage, both taxa were analyzed through the analysis of their essential oils, together with the micromorphological characteristics of the leaf surface and the anatomy and morphology of the leaves. The obtained results show that there are clear differences in the quantity of essential oil (0.073% for S. pratensis and 0.0016% for S. berolonii). The major compound in the essential oil of S. pratensis was E-caryophyllene (26.4%) while in S. berolonii essential oil caryophyllene oxide was the major component (35.1%). The micromorphological differences are also pronounced in the leaf indumentum (density and distribution of certain types of non-glandular and glandular trichomes). Clear distinction between the investigated Salvia species is also observed in the leaf anatomy (in S. pratensis leaves are thinner, palisade tissue is made of 1-2 layers of cells, and leaves of S. bertolonii are characterized by 2-3 layers of palisade tissue cells, and consequently thicker).

Yields and Constituents of Essential Oil from Cones of Pinaceae spp. Natively Grown in Turkey

“…The quantitative area-percent measurements were based on peak-areas from the GC-MS data. Although, some researchers [28,29] have used cluster analysis to evaluate statistical data, the preliminary studies showed that there was no statistically significant differences between extraction and injections since the material was collected at one time [30,31,32,33]. Therefore, no statistical analysis was applied in this study.…”

Comparison of composition of volatile compounds in ten Salvia species isolated by different methods

“…are very scarce. For instance, only one article was available on the EO composition of S. pratensis : Anačkov et al reported that the sesquiterpenes were dominating compounds in this species (55%), whereas monoterpenes (1.4%) were present in remarkably lower concentrations. E ‐Caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide were the most abundant constituents in S. pratensis analysed in our study; however these sesquiterpenes are typical EO compounds in many aromatic plants; they were also present in the other studied Salvia spp.…”

“…glutinosa , S. austriaca and S. amplexicaulis were studied in Serbia . The composition and antimicrobial activity of S. amplexicaulis EO was reported by Petrović et al ; the reports on the composition of EO from S. glutinosa , S. nemorosa and S. pratensis are also available. Kunduhoglu et al reported antimicrobial and anticholinesterase activities of S. verticillata EO.…”

Chemotaxonomy and flavonoid diversity of Salvia L.(Lamiaceae) in Iran

“…It is known that Salvia taxa are used in traditional medicines throughout the world (Anackov et al 2009). The genus has a wide, cosmopolitan distribution and displays a remarkable range of variation (Walker et al 2004).…”