Chemical Composition of Apricot Pit Shells and Effect of  Hot-Water Extraction

Corbett, Derek B.; Kohan, Neil; Machado, Grazielle; Jing, Chengyan; Nagardeolekar, Aditi; Bujanovic, Biljana

doi:10.3390/en8099640

Cited by 41 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(103 reference statements)

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“…There is a reduction in absorption at this wavelength for EMS, which is in agreement with a noticed removal of Seifert cellulose of~6.4% across all extraction scales (Table 2), originating most probably from amorphous regions of cellulose. Similar results after hot water extraction have been observed previously [53,55]. A decrease in absorption bands at 1728 nm also confirmed results of carbohydrate analysis (Table 3) indicating a higher absorption for MS at this hemicellulose-associated wavelength compared to EMS [56].…”

Section: Near Infrared Spectroscopy (Nir)supporting

confidence: 90%

“…Lignin recovery yields (1.9% (RecLMK) and 1.7% (RecLPilot) based on OD miscanthus) accounted for ~25% of the total dissolved lignin, which is higher than that for apricot shells (5%, [55]) but lower than that for sugar maple (47%, [39]). This indicates an extensive cleavage of lignin to hydrophilic, low molecular weight phenolic compounds, which remain soluble even after acidification of the Degree of crystallinity of cellulose was calculated for MS and EMS using NIR spectra and Equation (1) [53]:…”

Section: Lignin Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…After HWE, the HHV of miscanthus produced at three different scales increased 6.49 ± 1.6% in average, as expected due to a relative increase in cellulose and lignin contents and decrease in content of hemicellulose/xylan (energy of combustion lignin (~21 MJ/kg) > cellulose (~17 MJ/kg) > hemicelluloses (~16.63 MJ/kg)) [62]. Moreover, increase in HHV observed for miscanthus was higher than reported earlier for sugar maple (2.9%), wheat straw (3.0%) and apricot pit shell (4.1%) after HWE (Parr reactor; [55,63]). As expected, the higher heating value of RecL Pilot is higher than that of EMS Pilot and is comparable to that of coal (23.67 MJ/kg vs. 23-28 MJ/kg, [64]).…”

Section: D Hsqc Nmr Analysis Of Recl Pilotmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carbohydrates: The carbohydrate content of native biomass (MS) and hot-water extracted biomass (EMS) was determined by a modified acid hydrolysis procedure [55]. 150 mg of extractive-free biomass was sonicated with 4.8 mL of 72% sulfuric acid for one h at room temperature, after which 6.3 mL deionized water was added to dilute the acid to 4%.…”

Section: Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toward Complete Utilization of Miscanthus in a Hot-Water Extraction-Based Biorefinery

et al. 2017

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Miscanthus (Miscanthus sp. Family: Poaceae) was hot-water extracted (two h, at 160 • C) at three scales: laboratory (Parr reactor, 300 cm 3 ), intermediate (M/K digester, 4000 cm 3 ), and pilot (65 ft 3 -digester, 1.841 × 10 6 cm 3 ). Hot-water extracted miscanthus, hydrolyzate, and lignin recovered from hydrolyzate were characterized and evaluated for potential uses aiming at complete utilization of miscanthus. Effects of scale-up on digester yield, removal of hemicelluloses, deashing, delignification degree, lignin recovery and purity, and cellulose retention were studied. The scale-dependent results demonstrated that before implementation, hot-water extraction (HWE) should be evaluated on a scale larger than a laboratory scale. The production of energy-enriched fuel pellets from hot-water extracted miscanthus, especially in combination with recovered lignin is recommended, as energy of combustion increased gradually from native to hot-water extracted miscanthus to recovered lignin. The native and pilot-scale hot-water extracted miscanthus samples were also subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis using a cellulase-hemicellulase cocktail, to produce fermentable sugars. Hot-water extracted biomass released higher amount of glucose and xylose verifying benefits of HWE as an effective pretreatment for xylan-rich lignocellulosics. The recovered lignin was used to prepare a formaldehyde-free alternative to phenol-formaldehyde resins and as an antioxidant. Promising results were obtained for these lignin valorization pathways.

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Section: Near Infrared Spectroscopy (Nir)supporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Lignin Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: D Hsqc Nmr Analysis Of Recl Pilotmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toward Complete Utilization of Miscanthus in a Hot-Water Extraction-Based Biorefinery

et al. 2017

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“…For the untreated AKShs, the percentage of cellulose was lower, while the percentage of lignin was higher than those of the treated AKShs. Typically, AKShs mainly consist of 27–34.31% lignin and 34.31–39.75% cellulose . In our study, the percentages of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin of the untreated AKShs were determined to be 19.5%, 37.8%, and 33.5%, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical modification of apricot kernel shell waste and its effect on phenolic novolac epoxy composites

Kocaman

2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Apricot kernel is one of the most abundant types of agro-waste in the eastern Anatolia regions of Turkey. In this study, apricot kernel shells (AKShs) were chemically modified using levulinic acid (LA) for the first time, and their potential for developing biobased composites was evaluated. Phenol novolac epoxy resin was used as matrix owing to its high thermal and superior adhesion properties. Shell treatments to improve interfacial bonding were carried out using alkali, acetic acid, and LA. These treatments were aimed at improving the mechanical properties, wettability, and bonding of the composites.Moreover, these treatments could prevent the deterioration of the fiber/matrix interface (hydrophilic and hydrophobic effect) and mitigate damage to the fiber during production, which is one of the main reasons for the reduced strength of the composites. The thermal characteristics, crystallinity index, chemical composition, and surface morphology of the untreated and chemically modified AKShs and composites were studied by thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. In addition, the composites were analyzed in detail using mechanical tests and contact angle measurements. The chemical treatment using LA resulted in composites with superior mechanical behavior.

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Production of abrasive apricot kernel shell powder/boron nitride/polyester composites for cleaning of paint and corrosion on metal surfaces

et al. 2019

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In this study, the synthesis and characterization of abrasive polyester composite discs reinforced with apricot kernel shell (AKS) particles and hexagonal boron nitride (BN) were carried out as an alternative to the methods used to remove the surface corrosion from metallic surfaces. Polyester composites were obtained by unsaturated polyester resin as a matrix and AKSs (1%, 3%, 5% and 10% weight ratio) with 200 mesh and 1% BN as reinforcements. Kernel shells as a source of cellulose were used for increasing mechanical stability of abrasive composite discs.The structure and chemical properties of the obtained composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, X-ray spectrophotometer and SEM analysis. Their thermal properties were determined by differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The synthesized polyester composites were molded into cylindrical discs and the corrosion and paint layer abrasive properties of these discs on different corroded metal surfaces were investigated. The hardness of the prepared abrasive polyester composites were also measured as mechanical properties. The hardness values of prepared abrasive discs were determined as 21.9, 22.1, 23.4, 24.5 and 25.9 ± 0.1 for pure PE, 1%, 3%, 5% and 10% composites, respectively. In addition, the cleaning ability of the abrasive composites on the metal surface was determined by measuring the surface roughness and the amount of peeling. As a result, it has been determined that the most suitable optimum conditions are achieved with a contribution of 10% AKS particles reinforced composite structure considering the features such as cleaned surface roughness, cleaning suitability and composite abrasion. K E Y W O R D S abrasive material, apricot kernel shells, BN, polyester composite

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Chemical Composition of Apricot Pit Shells and Effect of Hot-Water Extraction

Cited by 41 publications

References 44 publications

Toward Complete Utilization of Miscanthus in a Hot-Water Extraction-Based Biorefinery

Toward Complete Utilization of Miscanthus in a Hot-Water Extraction-Based Biorefinery

Chemical modification of apricot kernel shell waste and its effect on phenolic novolac epoxy composites

Production of abrasive apricot kernel shell powder/boron nitride/polyester composites for cleaning of paint and corrosion on metal surfaces

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