Chemical Composition, Characteristics Profiles and Bioactivities of Tunisian <i>Phalaris canariensis</i> Seeds: a Potential Source of ω-6 and ω-9 Fatty Acids

Abstract

Seeds oils of Phalaris canariensis extracted by ultrasonication and cold maceration were evaluated for their physical characteristics, total phenol contents, fatty acid and sterol compositions as well as for their antioxidant, antibacterial and acetylcholinesterase activities. The physicochemical properties of ultrasonication and cold maceration oils respectively were: acid values (4.00 and 3.25) mg KOH/g, peroxide values (5.53 and 4.41) meq O2 Kg, iodine values (88.83 and 95.17) g/100 g of oil, saponification values (119.21 and 98.17) mg KOH/g, phenolic content (36.40 and 53.00) mg GAE/g extract, chlorophylls (0.52 and 0.60) mg/kg oil and carotenoids contents (1.92 and 1.88) mg/kg oil. Gas chromatography analysis revealed that linoleic (52.03 and 52.2%), oleic (31.75 and 31.84%) and palmitic (11.09 and 11.34 %) acids were the major fatty acids in the two oils. Specific extinctions at 232 nm (K) and 270 nm (K) were (0.58 and 0.44) and (0.42 and 0.33), respectively. The DSC melting curve showed that their melting points and melting enthalpies were (-28.05°C and 76.8 J/g) and (-27.47°C and 62.3 J/g), respectively. On the other hand, the evaluation of their DPPH radical scavenging, total antioxidant capacity, antibacterial and acetylcholinesterase activities showed interesting results. Thus, Phalaris canariensis seeds oils could deserve further consideration and investigation as a potentially new multi-purpose product for agro-food, medicinal and cosmetic uses.

LC-ESI-MS/MS Phenolic Profile of Volutaria lippii (L.) Cass. Extracts and Evaluation of Their In Vitro Antioxidant, Antiacetylcholinesterase, Antidiabetic, and Antibacterial Activities

“…Moreover, the appreciable α -amylase inhibitory capacities of these fractions might be attributed to their TP values (Table 1). This suggestion was in agreement with previous studies reporting that many phenolic compounds and flavonoids could prevent the activity of carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes, related to their capacity to bind with proteins [25, 29]. Therefore, V. lippii can be considered a new natural source able to fight against type 2 diabetes.…”

“…Antioxidant activity in food can be expressed in terms of radical scavenging ability using free radicals. DPPH assay is extensively used to determine the antioxidant property of many plant extracts [25, 26]. It is well known that free radicals have an important role in the autoxidation of unsaturated lipids in foodstuffs and in oxidative cell damage in the human organism resulting in a variety of pathological diseases [27].…”

“…CAT method offers a broader view of the antioxidant potential of plant extracts and expresses different aspects of antioxidant action [25]. The results depicted in Table 1 showed that the ethyl acetate fraction has the highest (P<0.05) antioxidant capacity (105.21±0.01mg vitamin E/ g extract) that can be related to its high levels in TP and TF.…”

“…These values are higher (p<0.05) than that of penicillin, which is sensitive to the bacteria. Generally, plant extracts were usually more active against Gram-positive than Gram-negative bacteria [25]. This could be explained by the fact that Gram-positive strains have only a peptidoglycan layer which is not a selective barrier to plant extracts [26].…”

Hairless Canaryseed: A Novel Cereal with Health Promoting Potential

“…However, the presence of certain antioxidants in canaryseed oil, such as caffeic acid esters, could potentially reduce these detrimental effects [ 72 ]. Furthermore, Ben Salah, et al [ 73 ] reported health promoting activity in canaryseed oil, produced from a hairy Tunisian canaryseed variety, which demonstrated antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiacetylcholinesterase activity, which was largely attributed to the high total polyphenol content in the oil.…”