Chemical Composition, Antibacterial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Essential Oil from Rhynchanthus beesianus Rhizome

Abstract

Rhynchanthus beesianus W. W. Smith, an edible, medicinal, and ornamental plant, is mainly cultivated in China and Myanmar. The essential oil (EO) from R. beesianus rhizome has been used as an aromatic stomachic in China. The chemical composition and biological activities of EO from R. beesianus rhizome were reported for the first time. Based on gas chromatography with flame ionization or mass selective detection (GC-FID/MS) results, the major constituents of EO were 1,8-cineole (47.6%), borneol (15.0%), methyleugenol (11.2%), and bornyl formate (7.6%). For bioactivities, EO showed a significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus vulgaris with the diameter of the inhibition zone (DIZ) (8.66–10.56 mm), minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) (3.13–6.25 mg/mL), and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) (6.25–12.5 mg/mL). Moreover, EO (128 μg/mL) significantly inhibited the production of proinflammatory mediators nitric oxide (NO) (92.73 ± 1.50%) and cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (20.29 ± 0.17%) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (61.08 ± 0.13%) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages without any cytotoxic effect. Moreover, EO exhibited significant acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity (the concentration of the sample that affords a 50% inhibition in the assay (IC50) = 1.03 ± 0.18 mg/mL) and moderate α-glucosidase inhibition effect (IC50 = 11.60 ± 0.25 mg/mL). Thus, the EO could be regarded as a bioactive natural product and has a high exploitation potential in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries.

α-AMYLASE, α-GLUCOSIDASE AND LIPASE INHIBITORY PROPERTIES AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF ENDEMIC PLANT Jurinea brevicaulis Boiss.

“…displayed a moderate α-glucosidase inhibition effect. While major volatile components of the essential oil were found as bornyl formate, borneol, cineole and methyleugenol, other volatile contents including sesquicineole, α-phellandrene, α-curcumene, β-bisabolene, γ-cadinene were also determined (Zhao et al 2020). Jurinea brevicaulis has some similar volatile components compared to aforementioned antiobesity effective plants, thus, the proposed antiobesity potency of J. brevicaulis may be associated with its volatile components.…”

Exploring the Composition and Bioactivity of Hedychium flavum Leaf and Stem Essential Oil: In Vitro Assessment of Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Cytotoxicity, and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities

“…We measured the antibacterial activities of L-EO and S-EO on Escherichia coli CICC 10389, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 19433. Te MIC and MBC were assessed employing the microplate dilution method [25]. In a 96-well plate, the bacterial suspension (100 µL, 10 5 CFU/mL) was mixed with the two-fold serial dilution of sample solution (100 µL).…”

Chemical Composition, Antibacterial, Enzyme-Inhibitory, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Essential Oil from Hedychium puerense Rhizome

“…Pre-diabetes is the preceding condition of diabetes; most of those affected by this condition will eventually develop diabetes, but this can be prevented through the effective treatment of pre-diabetes [43]. Acarbose at lower doses is reported to possess a beneficial effect on the management of pre-diabetes, but its use is limited by its side effects, which include diarrhea, flatulence, and abdominal distension [44,45]. Therefore, it is very promising to screen natural products that inhibit the activity of α-glucosidase as a complementary/alternative therapy for pre-diabetes.…”