Chemical composition and mass closure of particulate matter at six urban sites in Europe

Sillanpää, Markus; Hillamo, Risto; Saarikoski, Sanna; Frey, Anna; Pennanen, Arto; Makkonen, Ulla; Spolnik, Zoya; Grieken, R. Van; Braniš, Martin; Brunekreef, Bert; Chalbot, Marie-Cécile G.; Kuhlbusch, Thomas A. J.; Sunyer, Jordi; Kerminen, Veli‐Matti; Kulmala, Markku; Salonen, Raimo O.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.01.063

Cited by 200 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The high EFs for Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sn, Sb, Tl and Pb can be attributed to emissions from metal industry, coal combustion and abrasion of brakes and clutch, etc. in automotive vehicles (Hueglin et al, 2005;Sillanpaa et al, 2006). In this study, Zn, Cd, Sb and Pb exhibited high EFs (EFs > 100), and the high EFs for these elements were also found by other authors at Chinese sites (Wei et al, 1999;Wang et al, 2006a;Han et al, 2010).…”

Section: Crustal Materials and Trace Elementssupporting

confidence: 55%

“…The contributions of crustal materials in this study were much higher than those reported for cities in Switzerland (10.0%-15.0%) (Hueglin et al, 2005). High contributions of crustal materials were also observed in Athens (Sillanpaa et al, 2006), Barcelona (Viana et al, 2007) and Los Angeles (Cheung et al, 2011). It has been reported that crustal materials contributions are generally high in northern China due to the exposed lands and dust re-suspension (Sun et al, 2011).…”

Section: Crustal Materials and Trace Elementscontrasting

confidence: 50%

“…It is interesting that the unidentified mass concentration correlated significantly (P < 0.05) with the PM 10 mass at all sites in summer, which is difficult to explain. Unidentified mass concentration was also found to correlate highly with PM 10 in Amsterdam (Sillanpaa et al, 2006). In addition, sea salt concentration generally did not have a significant (P > 0.05) correlation with PM 10 throughout the year in this study.…”

Section: Correlations Between Pm 10 Mass and Categories Of Chemical Csupporting

confidence: 47%

“…3, respectively. The relative contributions are independent of dilution and reflect differences in emission sources and processes (e.g., transformation, rain) controlling the aerosol composition (Putaud et al, 2004;Sillanpaa et al, 2006). Crustal materials, organic matter, and secondary inorganic aerosol were the main contributors to PM 10 mass concentrations at all sites.…”

Section: Pm 10 Mass Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 94%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Spatial and Temporal Variation of Chemical Composition and Mass Closure of Ambient PM10 in Tianjin, China

Tianru

Han

et al. 2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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A one-year monitoring program from September 2009 to August 2010 for PM 10 was conducted at 8 monitoring sites in Tianjin, a coastal city in northern China. 24-hour PM 10 samples were collected every 6 days at each site. PM 10 samples were analyzed for elements, water soluble inorganic ions and carbonaceous species. This paper focused on the spatial and temporal variation of chemical composition and chemical mass closure of ambient PM 10 . Six categories were used to reconstruct PM 10 mass: crustal materials, trace elements, organic matter, elemental carbon, sea salt, and secondary inorganic aerosol. Crustal materials were the dominant fraction of PM 10 with annual average percentages varying from 31.6% to 33.8% of the total PM 10 mass. Secondary inorganic aerosol (non-sea salt sulfate, nitrate and ammonium) and organic matter were also major contributors to PM 10 , with annual mass fractions of 23.3% and 18.8%, respectively. In particular, non-sea salt-sulfate was the most predominant inorganic ion accounting for 47.9% of the category of secondary inorganic aerosol. Elemental carbon was a small category, accounting for 3.3%. Sea salt and trace elements contributed marginally to the PM 10 mass. The concentrations and mass fractions of crustal materials were generally highest in spring and lowest in summer while those of organic matter and secondary inorganic aerosol were generally highest in winter. Organic matter (P < 0.05) and elemental carbon (P < 0.001) concentrations showed significant spatial variations, and the concentrations were high at Beichen (BC) due to its proximity to the industrial zones and freeways. The concentrations of Ba, Zn, Pb, Sn, Sb were generally higher at BC and Hongqiao (HQ) than at other sites, suggesting higher influence of traffic emissions.

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Section: Crustal Materials and Trace Elementssupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Crustal Materials and Trace Elementscontrasting

confidence: 50%

Section: Correlations Between Pm 10 Mass and Categories Of Chemical Csupporting

confidence: 47%

Section: Pm 10 Mass Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Spatial and Temporal Variation of Chemical Composition and Mass Closure of Ambient PM10 in Tianjin, China

Tianru

Han

et al. 2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…Results from systematic monitoring of PM 10 concentrations and composition determinations are the most frequent in literature for Greek urban environments and have shown that the EU limit of 50 μg/m 3 is very often exceeded (Chaloulakou et al, 2003;Gerasopoulos et al, 2006;Terzi et al, 2010;Theodosi et al, 2011). Results on PM 2.5 concentration levels and composition are few and recent and have also shown frequent exceedances of the annual target value of 25 μg/m 3 (Manoli et al, 2002;Vassilakos et al, 2005;Sillanpaa et al, 2006;Karageorgos and Rapsomanikis, 2007;Lazaridis et al, 2008;Theodosi et al, 2011). The relative contribution of local and long range transported particulate matter as well as the relative contributions of natural and anthropogenic sources on fine atmospheric particulate matter are critical issues for the greater Athens area in which is accumulated more than a half of the population of the country.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition and Mass Closure of PM2.5 in Urban Environment (Athens, Greece)

Remoundaki

Kassomenos

Mantas

et al. 2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Atmosphärische Aerosole: Quellen, Vorkommen, Zusammensetzung

Schnelle-Kreis

Sklorz

Herrmann

et al. 2007

Chemie in nserer Zeit

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Die Zusammensetzung des Aerosols und seine physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften beeinflussen seine Wirkungen auf die Chemie der Atmosphäre, das Klima der Erde und die menschliche Gesundheit. Die in der Atmosphäre vorliegenden Partikel werden entweder durch anthropogene und natürliche Quellen direkt in die Atmosphäre emittiert (Primärpartikel), oder aus anorganischen Spurengasen oder gasförmigen organischen Substanzen gebildet (Sekundärpartikel). Sobald Partikel in der Luft sind, können sich ihre Größe, Zusammensetzung und Konzentration aufgrund vielfältiger Prozesse verändern. Die wichtigsten Prozesse sind Koagulation, Gas‐Partikel‐Verteilung, Partikel‐Phasen Chemie (z.B. Oxidation, Polymerisation) und Deposition. Neben einigen anorganischen Spurenkomponenten bestehen troposphärische Partikel im Allgemeinen aus Sulfat, Nitrat, Ammonium, Metallen, Wasser sowie elementarem Kohlenstoff (EC) und organischem Kohlenstoff (OC). Obwohl in jüngster Zeit wesentliche Fortschritte in der Charakterisierung von Aerosolen gemacht wurden, sind die Kenntnisse über die Eigenschaften und die Zusammensetzung der Aerosolpartikel noch relativ gering. Dies gilt insbesondere für die Zusammensetzung der organischen Fraktion der Partikel die einen starken Einfluss auf die physikochemischen, klima‐ und gesundheitsrelevanten Eigenschaften der Partikel hat.

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Chemical composition and mass closure of particulate matter at six urban sites in Europe

Cited by 200 publications

References 29 publications

Spatial and Temporal Variation of Chemical Composition and Mass Closure of Ambient PM10 in Tianjin, China

Spatial and Temporal Variation of Chemical Composition and Mass Closure of Ambient PM10 in Tianjin, China

Composition and Mass Closure of PM2.5 in Urban Environment (Athens, Greece)

Atmosphärische Aerosole: Quellen, Vorkommen, Zusammensetzung

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