Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Activities of Essential Oils against the Pulse Beetle

Abstract

Pulse beetles, Callosobruchus chinensis and Callosobruchus maculatus, are essential pests of cowpea, gram, soybean and pulses. Application of synthetic insecticides against the pulse beetle has led to insect resistance; insecticide residues on grains affect human health and the environment. Essential oils (EOs) are the best alternatives to synthetics due to their safety to the environment and health. The main objective of the investigation was to study the chemical composition and insecticidal activities of EOs, their combinations and compounds against the pulse beetle under laboratory. Neo-isomenthol, carvone and β-ocimene are the significant components of tested oils using GC-MS. Mentha spicata showed promising fumigant toxicity against C. chinensis (LC50 = 0.94 µL/mL) and was followed by M. piperita (LC50 = 0.98 µL/mL), whereas M. piperita (LC50 = 0.92 µL/mL) against C. maculatus. A combination of Tagetes minuta + M. piperita showed more toxicity against C. chinensis after 48 h (LC50 = 0.87 µL/mL) than T. minuta + M. spicata (LC50 = 1.07 µL/mL). L-Carvone showed fumigant toxicity against C. chinensis after 48 h (LC50 = 1.19 µL/mL). Binary mixtures of T. minuta +M. piperita and M. spicata showed promising toxicity and synergistic activity. EOs also exhibited repellence and ovipositional inhibition. The application of M. piperita can be recommended for the control of the pulse beetle.

Chemical Composition, Insecticidal, Persistence and Detoxification Enzyme Inhibition Activities of Essential Oil of Artemisia maritima against the Pulse Beetle

“…In the present study, the EO of A. maritima showed 84–96% repellence and ovipositional deterrence (OD 50 = 3.30–4.01 mg/L) against C. chinensis and C. maculatus . The present results are similar to the earlier studies, where EOs of M. spicata , M. piperita , and T. minuta showed 84 to 96% repellency [ 4 ]. In another study, the EO of Ocimum gratissimum exhibited 73–93% repellence against C. chinensis after 24 h [ 42 ].…”

“…In a related study, A. dracunculus , A. santonicum , and A. spicigera (5 μL/L air) showed 88–95% mortality [ 21 ] and A. sieberi showed promising fumigant toxicity (LC 50 = 1.45 μL/L air) against C. maculutus [ 24 ]. Similarly, the EOs of Mentha spicata , M. piperita , and Tagetes minuta showed promising fumigant toxicity against adults of C. chinensis (LC 50 = 0.9–1.4 µL/mL) and C. maculatus (LC 50 = 1.1 to 2.0 µL/mL) [ 4 ].…”

“…In another study, the EO of Ocimum gratissimum exhibited 73–93% repellence against C. chinensis after 24 h [ 42 ]. Similarly, M. spicata and M. piperita oil at 12 µL/mL also showed 100% ovipositional inhibition against C. chinensis and C. maculatus [ 4 ]. The EOs of Lippia alba Mill.…”

“…More than 500 species of the stored grains and cereal products are often infested by more than 600 species of coleopterans [ 1 ] causing 20–30% loss, affecting nutritional value and germination [ 2 ]. Bruchids, Callosobruchus chinensis and C. maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), are primary pests of pulses and cause 50% loss in storage after three to four months [ 3 , 4 ]. The grub’s bore into grains, feed internal contents, affecting nutritional quality [ 5 ].…”

Toxicity and synergistic activity of compounds from essential oils and their effect on detoxification enzymes against Planococcus lilacinus

“…Several plant-derived essential oils of Acorus calamus, Aegle marmelos, Cedrus deodara, Mentha piperita, Mentha spicata, Murraya koenigii, and Tagetus minuta were reported to have insecticidal activities against various insect pests in previous studies (Reddy et al, 2016;Jayaram et al, 2022a). Additionally, the homogeneous or heterogeneous blends of essential oils also revealed that the insecticidal activities against various species of mealybugs, including Pseudococcus calceolariae (Tacoli et al, 2018), Planococcus citri (Cloyd et al, 2009;Erdemir and Erler, 2017), Planococcus ficus (Karamaouna et al, 2013;Peschiutta et al, 2017;Tacoli et al, 2018;Brahmi et al, 2022), Pseudococcus longispinus (Hollingsworth and Hamnett, 2009;Tacoli et al, 2018), Paracoccus marginatus (Mwanauta et al, 2021), Planococcus minor (Prabowo and Damaiyani, 2019), Phenacoccus solenopsis (Mostafa et al, 2018;Saad et al, 2021), and Pseudococcus viburni (Ramzi et al, 2017) have been reported earlier.…”