Chemical Composition and In Vitro Anti-Helicobacter pylori Activity of Campomanesia lineatifolia Ruiz & Pavón (Myrtaceae) Essential Oil

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori is the most common cause of gastritis and peptic ulcers, and the number of resistant strains to multiple conventional antimicrobial agents has been increasing in different parts of the world. Several studies have shown that some essential oils (EO) have bioactive compounds, which can be attributed to antimicrobial activity. Therefore, EOs have been proposed as a natural alternative to antibiotics, or for use in combination with conventional treatment for H. pylori infection. Campomanesia lineatifolia is an edible species found in the Brazilian forests, and their leaves are traditionally used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. Anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective, and antioxidant properties are attributed to C. lineatifolia leaf extracts; however, studies related to the chemical constituents of the essential oil and anti-H. pylori activity is not described. This work aims to identify the chemical composition of the EO from C. lineatifolia leaves and evaluate the anti-H. pylori activity. The EO was obtained by hydrodistillation from C. lineatifolia leaves and characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analyses. To assess the in vitro anti-H. pylori activity of the C. lineatifolia leaf’s EO (6 μL/mL–25 μL/mL), we performed broth microdilution assays by using type cultures (ATCC 49503, NCTC 11638, both clarithromycin-sensitive) and clinical isolate strains (SSR359, clarithromycin-sensitive, and SSR366, clarithromycin-resistant). A total of eight new compounds were identified from the EO (3-hexen-1-ol (46.15%), α-cadinol (20.35%), 1,1-diethoxyethane (13.08%), 2,3-dicyano-7,7-dimethyl-5,6-benzonorbornadiene (10.78%), aromadendrene 2 (3.0%), [3-S-(3α, 3aα, 6α, 8aα)]-4,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3,7,7-trimethyl-8-methylene-3H-3a,6-methanoazulene (2.99%), α-bisabolol (0.94%), and β-curcumene (0.8%)), corresponding to 98.09% of the total oil composition. The EO inhibited the growth of all H. pylori strains tested (MIC 6 μL/mL). To our knowledge, the current study investigates the relation between the chemical composition and the anti-H. pylori activity of the C. lineatifolia EO for the first time. Our findings show the potential use of the C. lineatifolia leaf EO against sensitive and resistant clarithromycin H. pylori strains and suggest that this antimicrobial activity could be related to its ethnopharmacological use.

Current State of Knowledge Regarding WHO High Priority Pathogens—Resistance Mechanisms and Proposed Solutions through Candidates Such as Essential Oils: A Systematic Review

“…In a study by Mariem et al, 54.54% of gastric biopsy H. pylori isolates showed resistance to at least one of the five tested ABs (erythromycin, clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin or metronidazole), while mastic tree (Pistacia lentiscus) EO showed anti-H. pylori activity against all tested strains [86]. Several other EOs (wild thyme [87], cinnamon [88], cedarwood, oregano [89]) exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against H. pylori strains, while other EOs (common sage, lemon balm, English lavender [87], clove, thyme, rosemary [88], guabiraba [90]) showed good to mild antimicrobial effects. Various active compounds/EOs, such as geraniol [91], α-pinene (from P. atlantica) [92] or β-caryophyllene [93] are increasingly being tested on animal models, uncovering their anti-H. pylori activity (Appendix B, Table A3).…”

Recent Advances in Diagnosing and Treating Helicobacter pylori through Botanical Extracts and Advanced Technologies

“…Green tea extract, used in combination with standard triple therapy, significantly increased the eradication rate of H. pylori compared with standard triple therapy alone [78].…”

Evaluation of knowledge and perception of pharmacy students on phytotherapy at a public university, Brazil

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