Chemical composition and biological activity of extracts from fruiting bodies and mycelial cultures of Fomitopsis betulina

Abstract

Fomitopsis betulina (Bull.) B.K. Cui, M.L. Han & Y.C. Dai has been used for medicinal purposes for over 5000 years. Numerous studies have confirmed the biological activity of compounds found in this species. The purpose of this study was a comparative analysis of selected groups of metabolites in the extracts from fruiting bodies and mycelial cultures. Phenolic acids (syringic, gallic, p-hydroxybenzoic, 3,4-dihydrophenylacetic), indole compounds (l-tryptophan, 5-hydroxy-l-tryptophan, 5-methyltryptamine), sterols (ergosterol, ergosterol peroxide, hexestrol, cholecalciferol), and triterpenes (betulinic acid, betulin) were determined quantitatively by high performance liquid chromatography with UV–Vis/DAD detection, while fatty acids were assessed with the gas chromatography method. Cytotoxic activity against selected human cancer cell lines was determined using the lactate dehydrogenase test. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated on lipopolysaccharide activated A549 cells. Those extracts with anti-inflammatory activity were evaluated for their inhibition of pro-inflammatory enzymes. The mycelium extract exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against prostate cancer cells, while the fruiting body extract indicated a moderate effect on the viability of melanoma and prostate cancer. Incubation of lung epithelial cells with biomass extract significantly decreased cyclooxygenase-2 levels compared to LPS activated A549 cells. This paper is the first report of a comparative quantitative analysis of the metabolites in mycelial cultures and fruiting bodies. In addition, a novel element of this study is its comparison of the cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activity of the obtained extracts. The results of comparing the composition and activity of mycelium and fruiting bodies shows that the cultures could be proposed as a potential biotechnological source for selected biologically active compounds.

Medicinal potential of mycelium and fruiting bodies of an arboreal mushroom Fomitopsis officinalis in therapy of lifestyle diseases

“…p-Hydroxybenzoic, protocatechuic, and vanillic acid were detected in Fomitopsis pinicola fruiting bodies 24 . Comparative analysis of Fomitopsis betulina fruiting bodies and mycelium showed the presence of syringic, gallic, 5-hydroxybenzoic, and 3,4-dihydrophenylacetic acids 17 . In the present study, the content of phenolic compounds in the F. officinalis mycelium from the in vitro cultures was analyzed for the first time.…”

“…103.99 and 41.29 mg/100 g DM. respectively 17 . In turn, the ergosterol content in another species of the genus Fomitopsis, Fomitopsis pinicola, was 10,5 mg/100 g d.w. in fruiting bodies 29 .…”

“…With their antioxidant properties and ability to protect cellular structures against oxidative damage, phenolic compounds are known for their biological activities 17 . Gallic acid found in some species of higher fungi has been proven to have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antioxidant effects [18][19][20][21][22] .…”

A comparative study of the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Inonotus hispidus fruit and their mycelia extracts

“…This may be due to a higher concentration of bioactive compounds in fruiting bodies than in mycelia stage. In fact, according to Sulkowska-Ziaja et al, [68] the amounts of bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides, terpenoids, steroids, and phenolic compounds are much lower under the controlled, reproducible conditions of mycelia cultures. Many authors observed that mushroom-derived extracts are particularly effective towards Gram-positive bacteria.…”

Impact of Mushrooms’ Vegetative Places and Morphological Parts of a Fruiting Body on the Fatty Acids Profile of Wild Leccinum aurantiacum and Leccinum versipelle

“…Owing to the fact that mushrooms contain little amounts of lipids (hardly higher than 6–8 % of the dry weight), the studies on these components are the most inadequate. The low lipid content is one of the advantages of mushrooms as nutrients, as they are considered low‐energy functional foods . Interest in lipid substances, especially in fatty acids as main structural lipid elements, is currently expanding.…”