Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils from Calendula officinalis L. flowers and leaves

Abstract

Calendula officinalis L., commonly known as pot marigold, is a popular ornamental and highly medicinal plant. In fact, it is well recognized for its wide‐ranging therapeutic effects conducive to wound healing and for treating various illnesses. In this study, the essential oils from flowers and leaves of C. officinalis were analysed for their chemical constituents and screened for their in vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties. Thirty compounds were found in common in both essential oils, with the sesquiterpene alcohol, α‐cadinol as the most abundant compound (leaf: 32.3% and flower: 31.3%, respectively). Besides, the essential oils were found to possess antioxidant capacity through free radical scavenging and reducing mechanisms (DPPH: 2.94, 1.52 mg trolox equivalent (TE)/g of oil; ABTS: 20.72, 2.86 mg TE/g; CUPRAC: 31.16, 47.98 mg TE/g; FRAP: 24.84, 23.42 mg TE/g; phosphomolybdenum: 4.01, 4.68 mmol TE/g for leaves and flowers essential oils, respectively). Moreover, the essential oils (leaves and flowers, respectively) were found to inhibit all the tested enzymes, namely amylase (0.46, 0.42 mmol acarbose equivalent (ACAE)/g), glucosidase (1.35, 1.31 mmol ACAE/g), acetylcholinesterase (2.48, 2.36 mg galantamine (GALAE)/g) and butyrylcholinesterase (8.13, 8.20 mg GALAE/g) and tyrosinase (47.73, 54.36 mg kojic acid equivalent/g). Molecular docking was also performed revealing the compounds neophytadiene and α‐humulene to show the highest binding affinity with tyrosinase. Therefore, the obtained results demonstrated some appealing activities of C officinalis essential oils as natural pharmacological agents that could be valuable for the potential development of phyto‐formulations against the herein targeted diseases and especially for cosmeceutical applications.

GC/MS Profiling, Anti-Collagenase, Anti-Elastase, Anti-Tyrosinase and Anti-Hyaluronidase Activities of a Stenocarpus sinuatus Leaves Extract

“…For example, vitamin E was found to inhibit tyrosinase and collagenase in vitro [ 45 , 46 ]. In addition, neophytadiene showed potent binding to tyrosinase in a previous in silico study [ 56 ]. Furthermore, phytosterols were reported to enhance the synthesis of collagen and hyaluronic acid [ 48 , 49 ].…”

“…Neophytadiene diterpene (8.19%) exhibited in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antimicrobial, and analgesic activities [ 55 ]. It showed potent binding affinity to tyrosinase in molecular docking studies, with a docking score of 56.99 [ 56 ], while squalene triterpene (1.03%) exhibited in vitro antiaging, sunscreen, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidermatitic effects [ 55 , 57 ].…”

Chemical Composition and Evaluation of Insecticidal Activity of Calendula incana subsp. maritima and Laserpitium siler subsp. siculum Essential Oils against Stored Products Pests

“…From a comparison of the chemical compositions of EOs of other species belonging to the Calendula genus studied so far, it emerged that cubebane sesquiterpenes, such as α -cubebene, β -cubebene, 4-epi-cubebol, cubebol, and cubenol, the main compounds of our oil (60.62%), were present in a moderate amount only in some accessions of C. arvensis collected in Corsica [ 38 ] and C. officinalis collected in Turkey [ 39 ].…”

Phytochemical analysis and beneficial effects of Artemisia absinthium L. essential oil in rat pseudopregnancy model

“…To separate chemical components, the HP-Innowax column (60 m x 0.25 mm, 0.25 µm lm thicknesses) was used. Other analytical parameters were reported in our earlier paper (Ak et al 2021). The retention index (RI) calculated by co-injection with reference to a homologous series of n-alkanes (C8-C30) under the identical experimental circumstances was used to identify the components.…”