Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Extracts from Pomelo Peel By-Products under Enzyme and Ultrasound-Assisted Extractions

Abstract

Enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) were popular methods used to extract bioactive compounds from citrus peels, by-products of fruit processing industry. In this study, the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), naringin and hesperidin contents, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the extracts from pomelo peels using the combined enzyme and ultrasound-assisted extraction (E-UAE) or ultrasound and enzyme-assisted extraction (U-EAE) technique were investigated and compared with those extracted using the EAE and UAE. The optimal EAE conditions were as follows: enzyme concentration of 2%, water-solid ratio of 40 ml/g, incubation temperature of 50°C, and extraction time of 60 min, whereas the optimal UAE conditions were ultrasonic energy of 40 kHz, water-solid ratio of 40 ml/g at room temperature, and extraction time of 60 min. The results indicate that the total phenolics, total flavonoids, naringin, and hesperidin contents of the extracts significantly increased in the following order of the extraction techniques: UAE < EAE < U-EAE < E-UAE (p<0.05). The combined E-UAE technique was the most effective technique for bioactive compound extraction with the highest antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The results also indicate that chemical composition and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the extracts were different depending on the pomelo species.

Antimicrobial activities of flavedo peel extract and its feasibility in the development of bio‐based pectin coating film for fruit preservation

“…However, PFE in the study of Hasan Khan (2018) was not found to induce the inhibitory activity against tested bacteria which could possibly be ascribed to the pomelo variety or maturity stage. Besides, S. typhimurium, and P. aeruginosa were found to be highly susceptible to the treatment that was in agreement with previous reports(Aydeniz Günes ¸er et al, 2018;Tawfik, Al-Haliem, & Al- Ani, 2010;Van Hung, Yen Nhi, Ting, Lan Phi, & Al Loman, 2020).…”

Environmentally Friendly Methods for Flavonoid Extraction from Plant Material: Impact of Their Operating Conditions on Yield and Antioxidant Properties

“…Van Hung et al recovered naringenin and hesperidin from pomelo peels using the combined enzyme and ultrasound-assisted extraction. They concluded that the combination of both methods was effective for bioactive compound extraction with the highest antioxidant and antimicrobial activities [ 234 ].…”

Potential of Fermented Fruit Peel Liquid in Cosmetics as a Skin Care Agent

“…In the experiment, the antioxidant activity did not correlate with the enzyme concentration. Van Hung et al, [20] reported the antioxidant activity of pomelo peel powder, using enzyme-assisted powder with water extraction over 60 min. It showed a lower DPPH scavenging ability compared with this study at any concentration (28.6% ± 1.1%).…”