Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Piper auritum Kunth and Piper holtonii C. DC. against phytopathogenic fungi

Abstract

The growth of fungi during pre-and postharvest of fruits may cause spoilage and result in a reduction in quality and quantity. The aim of the present work was to investigate the efficacy of four extracts (n-hexane, dichlorometane, ethyl acetate, and methanol) and the essential oil of Piper auritum Kunth and P. holtonii C. DC. on the growth inhibition of three important postharvest pathogens of fruits (Colletotrichum acutatum, C. gloeosporioides, and Botryodiplodia theobromae). The in vitro antifungal activity was assayed following the poisoned food technique. The results showed that both n-hexane extract (HE) as essential oil (EO) displayed a relative good control against the three pathogens, being the originating materials of P. holtonii the most actives. Mycelial growth of C. acutatum, C. gloeosporioides, and B. theobromae was significantly inhibited at 400 µg mL -1 . Additionally, the chemical composition of the bioactive materials was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Safrole (64.54/56.88%) and apiol (64.24/57.20%) were the major constituents of the EO/HE from P. auritum and P. holtonii respectively. Structural identification was also confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance. Both compounds exhibited significant antifungal properties. It can be concluded that EOs/HEs from P. auritum and P. holtonii, and their major constituents, have interesting applications to control plant pathogenic fungi.

Effect of Salicylic Acid and Structurally Related Compounds in the Accumulation of Phytoalexins in Cotyledons of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Cultivars

“…The toxicity of extracts proceeding from SA-treated and untreated cotyledons against C. lindemuthianum was evaluated through the poisoned food technique [41]. The fungus was isolated from diseased P. vulgaris pods, characterized by morphological analysis, and maintained on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 4 °C.…”

Chitosan-induced production of secondary metabolites in plant extracts of Piper auritum, and the in vitro fungicidal activity against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae

“…The inhibition curve shows that the highest concentration P. auritum ethanolic extract (4 mg/mL) caused 100 % inhibition of Fusarium growth with chitosan treatment, compared to 41% without chitosan (Figure 1). Fungicidal activity of P. auritum against F. oxysporum and other phytopathogenic fungi has previously been reported by Pineda et al, 2012), which could be attributed to high quitosano disminuyó significativamente (P<0.05) la concentración de alcaloides. Este efecto fue reportado anteriormente en Stemona curtisii (Pitta-Alvarez et al, 1999) a concentraciones de quitosano de más de 0.1 mg mL -1 , en menos de 4 semanas.…”

Actividad in vitro anti-Leishmania (Trypanosomatidae) del epóxido trans-Z-α-bisaboleno y del Safrol, en frutos de Piper auritum (Piperaceae)

“…A su vez se han realizado análisis por cromatografía de gases al aceite esencial de P. auritum y P. hispidinervum que revelaron la presencia del Safrol como principal componente; en concentraciones que varían del 60 al 80 % (Pretto et al, 2012;Sánchez, Pino, Correa, Naranjo, & Iglesia, 2009;Pérez et al, 2012) junto a otros compuestos de menor concentración como lo son el cis-nerolidol en un 2.80 %, β-bisaboleno en 0.98 %, germacreno D en 3.11 %, β-pineno en 1.45 %, entre otros muchos componentes ya identificados (Hernández et al, 2003). En la literatura se reportan diferencias entre la concentración y la composición de los metabolitos secundarios presentes en el aceite esencial, debidas principalmente a cambios en ciertos parámetros como el origen geográfico, etapa vegetativa de la planta, condiciones de almacenamiento, el método de extracción, entre otros (Pineda, Vizcaíno, García, Gil, & Durango, 2012).…”