Chemical composition and anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects of the leaf and whole-plant samples of diploid and tetraploid Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino

Xie, Zhuohong; Huang, Haiqiu; Zhao, Yang; H, Shi; Wang, Shaoke; Wang, Thomas T.Y.; Chen, Pei; Yu, Liangli

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.10.043

Cited by 52 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…These findings are in agreement with the results of Xie et al . () in Gynostemma pentaphyllum . Only 3,4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid, which is a precursor in the biosynthesis of gallic acid, and one unidentified flavonoid occurred at significantly higher concentrations in tetraploid plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…They were chosen as a typical group of plant secondary metabolites playing an important role in defence against insect herbivores (Barbehenn & Constabel, ; Tuominen, ). Differences in the content of both dominant groups of phenolics, free phenolic acids and flavonoids, analysed in our study have also been found to depend on cytotype in other plant models (Repcak & Krausova, ; Xie et al ., ). In our system, we found higher levels of gallic acid (constituent of tannins), which plays an important role in plant–herbivore interactions, as well as higher levels of several polyphenols (represented by several unidentified flavonoids), which are toxic to insect herbivores, in the receptacles of diploid plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Large differences in the composition of herbivore communities and seed damage in diploid and autotetraploid plant species

Münzbergová

Skuhrovec

Maršík

2015

Biol J Linn Soc Lond

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Herbivory is one of the key interactions affecting plant fitness. Despite the large amount of data available on the effects of herbivores on various plant groups, we still know very little information about the interactions of herbivores with individuals having different ploidy levels. We studied the relationship of diploid and tetraploid Centaurea phrygia in natural and experimental garden conditions to the community of pre‐dispersal seed predators developing in flower heads of the plants. In addition, we collected a set of data on flowering phenology, and flower head morphology and chemistry to investigate potential mechanisms underlying the differences between cytotypes. The two cytotypes are strongly differentiated in their flower head morphology and chemistry as well as in their flowering phenology, with flower heads of diploids being larger, containing more secondary metabolites and flowering later. Also, the two cytotypes strongly differed in the composition of insect communities in the flower heads and tetraploids suffered higher seed damage than the diploids. The differences between cytotypes in seed damage were generally consistent across datasets, indicating that the differences are not due to differences in the habitats in which the cytotypes occur but are due to differences in particular biological characteristics of the plants. The diversity and composition of insect communities, however, strongly varied between years and environments. Flowering phenology could explain part, but not all of the differences observed between cytotypes, indicating that other factors such as flower head morphology or chemistry could also play a role. The study indicated that the differences between the two cytotypes are important determinant of the plant–herbivore interactions in the system. Although we identified multiple factors that could explain the different associations, further research is needed to assess the relative importance of each of these factors. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015, 115, 270–287.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Large differences in the composition of herbivore communities and seed damage in diploid and autotetraploid plant species

Münzbergová

Skuhrovec

Maršík

2015

Biol J Linn Soc Lond

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“…The total saponin content was determined following the method described by Xie et al (2012) and ginsenoside Re was used as the standard. The amount of total polysaccharide in the sample was measured by the phenol-sulfuric acid colorimetric method (Wang D. et al, 2012) with glucose as a standard.…”

Section: Preparation Of Szcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulatory effect of a formula developed from American ginseng and Chinese jujube extracts in mice

et al. 2016

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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Abstract:Background: American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) and Chinese jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.) are commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine to enhance immune function. Objective: The present study aimed to develop one Chinese prescription, Shenzao Cha (SZC), consisting of American ginseng and Chinese jujube, and systematically investigate its immunomodulation in healthy ICR mice. Methods: Normal ICR mice received intragastric administration of SZC (1.3, 2.6, and 5.2 g raw material/kg body weight) once daily for four weeks, while a control group received the same amount of sterile water. Results: SZC significantly increased the spleen and thymus indices and T-lymphocyte proliferation, while the T-lymphocyte proliferation in the 5.2 g/kg group was 1.4-fold higher than that in the control. Further, 1.3 g/kg SZC could markedly improve hemolytic activity by 25.2%, and 2.6 g/kg SZC increased the NK cell activity by 78.6% relative to the control. In addition, the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase), that participated in modulating oxidative stress, were significantly increased in the liver, spleen, thymus, and serum, while the contents of malondialdehyde were dramatically decreased. Conclusions: SZC exhibited potent immunomodulatory effects on innate and adaptive immunity in healthy ICR mice, as well as potential antioxidant activity for prevention of oxidative stress, which was suggested to partly contribute to the immune enhancement.

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“…Our recent study showed that tetraploid GP leaf was a better source for gypenosides than its diploid counterpart or the whole botanical material (Xie et al, ). As a continuation, the present study investigated the anti‐inflammatory activity of the gypenosides and its possible molecular mechanism in LPS‐stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical composition of tetraploid Gynostemma pentaphyllum gypenosides and their suppression on inflammatory response by NF‐κB/MAPKs/AP‐1 signaling pathways

Wang

Gao

et al. 2020

Food Science & Nutrition

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The chemical composition and anti‐inflammatory activity of gypenosides isolated from tetraploid Gynostemma pentaphyllum (GP) leaves were investigated. The gypenosides accounted for 7.43 mg/g of the tested GP sample, which were composed of four major saponins including isomers of gypenoside 1 and 2 (C47H76O18), 3 (C47H76O17), and 4 (C46H74O17). Pretreatment of gypenosides reduced mRNA expressions of the proinflammatory mediators in LPS‐stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells, such as IL‐6, IL‐1β, COX‐2, and TNF‐α in a dose‐dependent manner. The secreted protein levels of IL‐6 and TNF‐α, and NO production were also decreased by gypenosides within the concentration range of 50–200 μg/ml. Moreover, the mechanism studies demonstrated that gypenosides (200 μg/ml) treatment significantly inhibited the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor‐κB and activator protein 1 (c‐Fos and c‐Jun) through down‐regulating the phosphorylation of their upstream IκB kinase and mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs), especially that of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase and extracellular regulated protein kinase(JNK and ERK), but not that of the p38 MAPK. These results suggested that the gypenosides might have potential anti‐inflammatory effect and use for improving human health.

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Chemical composition and anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects of the leaf and whole-plant samples of diploid and tetraploid Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino

Cited by 52 publications

References 27 publications

Large differences in the composition of herbivore communities and seed damage in diploid and autotetraploid plant species

Large differences in the composition of herbivore communities and seed damage in diploid and autotetraploid plant species

Immunomodulatory effect of a formula developed from American ginseng and Chinese jujube extracts in mice

Chemical composition of tetraploid Gynostemma pentaphyllum gypenosides and their suppression on inflammatory response by NF‐κB/MAPKs/AP‐1 signaling pathways

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