Chemical Composition, Algicidal, Antimicrobial, and Antioxidant Activities of the Essential Oils of Taiwania flousiana Gaussen

Abstract

Taiwania flousiana (T. flousiana) Gaussen is a precious wood in the family Taxodiaceae. This study investigated the chemical components of the essential oil from the stem bark of T. flousiana and its algicidal, antifungal, and antioxidant properties. Sixty-nine compounds representing 89.70% of the stem bark essential oil were identified by GC-MS. The essential oil showed strong anti-algae, anti-bacteria, and anti-fungus activities against the tested species, and antioxidant activities. The IC50 values of the essential oil against chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and the total chlorophyll of Spirogyra communis (a species of algae), 24–96 h after the treatment, ranged from 31.77 to 84.92 μg/mL, while the IC50 values of butachlor ranged from 40.24 to 58.09 μg/mL. Ultrastructure changes revealed by the transmission electron microscopy indicated that the main algicidal action sites were the chloroplast and cell wall. The essential oil showed antifungal activities on Rhizoctonia solani (EC50 = 287.94 μg/mL) and Colletotrichum gloeosporioiles (EC50 = 378.90 μg/mL). It also showed bactericidal activities on Ralstonia solanacearum and Staphylococcus aureus, with zones of inhibition (ZOIs) being 18.66 and 16.75 mm, respectively at 40 μg/disk. Additionally, the essential oil possessed antioxidant activity estimated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method (IC50 = 33.51 μg/mL; IC50 value of the positive control ascorbic acid was 7.98 μg/mL). Thus, the essential oil of this plant might be used as a possible source of natural bioactive molecules in agrochemical industry as well as in food and cosmetic industries.

Unraveling the polypharmacology of a natural antifungal product, eugenol, against Rhizoctonia solani

“…The EC 50 value was consistent with previous results (58.9 μg ml −1 ) from Xie et al 30 In addition, compared with other reported plant-derived fungicides, eugenol had a lower EC 50 value against R. solani than citral (193 μg ml −1 ), essential oil from Taiwania flousiana (287.94 μg ml −1 ) and methanol extracts of Pueraria peduncularis (324.72 μg ml −1 ). 20,56,57 It can be seen that, compared with some previously reported plant extracts, eugenol has a greater antifungal effect on R. solani. Therefore, eugenol had good antifungal activity against R. solani and could be used as a botanical fungicide against R. solani.…”

Inhibitory Activity Against Rhizoctonia Solani and Chemical Composition of Extract from Moutan Cortex

“…The antifungal efficacy of paeonol on R. solani surpassed that of the other constituents, which was comparable to that of the MC petroleum ether extract. The inhibitory activity of paeonol or MC petroleum ether extract was found to be higher than that of natural products derived from other plants, such as eugenol (EC 50 =52.77 μg/mL; MIC=200 μg/mL), citral (EC 50 =193 μg/mL), menthol (EC 50 =250 μg/mL; MIC=700 μg/mL), and methanol extract of Pueraria peduncularis (EC 50 =324.72 μg/mL) [10,41,49–50] . The potent antifungal properties of paeonol were likely attributed to its hydroxyl group.…”

“…The inhibitory activity of paeonol or MC petroleum ether extract was found to be higher than that of natural products derived from other plants, such as eugenol (EC 50 = 52.77 μg/mL; MIC = 200 μg/mL), citral (EC 50 = 193 μg/mL), menthol (EC 50 = 250 μg/mL; MIC = 700 μg/mL), and methanol extract of Pueraria peduncularis (EC 50 = 324.72 μg/mL). [10,41,[49][50] The potent antifungal properties of paeonol were likely attributed to its hydroxyl group. The hydroxyl structure exhibited robust antifungal functionality, and the positioning and quantity of hydroxyl groups, as well as other structural modifications, can impact its inhibitory efficacy.…”

Profil fitokimia selada laut (Ulva lactuca) dan mikro alga filamen (Spirogyra sp) sebagai bahan alam bahari potensial dari perairan Indonesia

“…Sejumlah besar produk ganggang juga dapat menjadi bahan baku dalam industri makanan, kosmetik, biokimia dan farmasi. (Liu et al, 2020).…”

“…Golongan monoterpen dan seskuiterpen yang terdeteksi pada kedua simplisia disebabkan oleh reaksi oksidasi dan eliminasi antara anisaldehid asam sulfat dengan sampel sehingga mengakibatkan terbukanya komponen siklik mono-atau seskuiterpen dan berubah menjadi gugus kromofor yang terdeteksi melalui perubahan warna. (Liu et al, 2020). Penelitian (Sahayaraj et al, 2019) menunjukkan bahwa terpenoid terindetifikasi pada selada laut.…”