Chemical components of theEphedra majorfrom Iran

Abstract

Ephedra is a dioecious shrub that belongs to the Ephedraceae family of gymnosperms. Almost all commercial applications of Ephedra extracts are derived from the ephedrine alkaloids found in the evergreen stems. The purpose of this study was to compare chemical components (total alkaloid, ephedrine, total phenol, total flavonoid and tannin) of Ephedra major plants during May to October months. The seeds and stems were collected from Bojnoord altitudes in east of Iran. Total alkaloid was separated by solvent and soxhelet extraction method. The results revealed that solvent extraction method is more efficient than soxhelet extraction method. The measurement of chemical components showed significant difference during May to October months. Data from HPLC analysis revealed that while root is depleted of ephedrine, the ephedrine amount in stem organ ranged from 1.50 ± 0.15 to 2.12 ± 0.01 mg/g dry weight. The results indicate that E. major can be as a suitable source of ephedrine.

In vitro antioxidant and antiproliferative effect of the extracts of Ephedra chilensis K Presl aerial parts

“…However, flavonoids and related compounds have been reported in E. aphylla , E. sinica , E. campylopoda , and E. alata [7]. Furthermore, the obtained flavonoid content showed a three-fold decrease compared to that of E. major [25]. In addition, phenolic compounds were mainly found in the CH 2 Cl 2 and EtOH extracts (see Table 1), and our results for both of these extracts have similar values to those of E. major , [25] and a higher phenolic content than E. sinica [26].…”

“…Furthermore, the obtained flavonoid content showed a three-fold decrease compared to that of E. major [25]. In addition, phenolic compounds were mainly found in the CH 2 Cl 2 and EtOH extracts (see Table 1), and our results for both of these extracts have similar values to those of E. major , [25] and a higher phenolic content than E. sinica [26]. These compound types have not been reported in E. chilensis (except ephedrine).…”

“…These compound types have not been reported in E. chilensis (except ephedrine). However, other Ephedra species have been isolated and some of these compounds have been identified [25, 27].…”

A Review on Safety of Herbal Medicines for Doping

“…3) 마황의 ephedrine 함량 마황은 처리하는 방식에 따라 ephedrine 함량이 달라지기 때문에 42) , 한방에서 마황의 기준 사용용량 을 설정함에 있어서 마황을 전탕할 때 어느 정도의 ephedrine이 추출되는지 정확히 확인하는 것이 중요 하다. 이에 관련된 연구는 국내에서 3건 [43][44][45] , 국외에 서 9건 28,31,34,36,37,42,[46][47][48] 이 진행되었다. .…”

Antibacterial activity of bryophyte species against Paenibacillus larvae isolates

“…The extracts were then combined, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum with an evaporator (19) and 10 mg of each sample was dissolved in 1 mL of methanol.…”