Chemical characterization of soda-lime glass samples by in situ current normalised PIGE and conventional INAA methods for forensic applications

Chemical characterization of automobile windshield glass samples for major, minor, and trace elemental concentration determination by INAA and its comparison with ED-XRF and DC Arc AES in terms of analytical capabilities and possible applications for glass forensics

“…Since Si was not determined by INAA, we have employed in situ current normalized Particle Induced Gamma-ray Emission (PIGE) method to obtain the complete compositional idea of the above analyzed automobile glass samples. 8 The SiO 2 concentrations were found to vary in the range from 70.5–73.9% ( Table 9 ), which were found to be in agreement with the concentration obtained from the other two methods, i.e. , ED-XRF and DC Arc AES methods.…”

“…Beside this, it can also be stated that these automobile glass samples are of sodalime class of glasses as these values are in close agreement with the literature data for automobile (soda-lime) glasses. 8 The elemental concentration, total transition elements and total REEs, and their ratio were utilized for the preliminary grouping of six automobile glass samples for potential forensic applications, as discussed below. Strontium (Sr) was estimated in the glass samples by DC Arc AES and ED-XRF.…”

“…For INAA, the absolute concentration values were calculated by comparing the decay corrected count rates of the sample with the standard reference materials using the relative method of INAA. 8,51,54…”

“…[3][4][5] The minor and trace elemental concentrations including rare earth elements (REEs) of glassy materials are also important diagnostic tools for archeological and forensic analyses to nd out the source/origin of glasses. [6][7][8] Statistical approaches, namely, likelihood ratio, Naïve Bayes classiers, and support vector machine were utilized for the classication of glasses for potential forensic applications. 9,10 Multivariate model involving empirical cross entropy (ECE) function was calibrated for discriminating the glass samples.…”

Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in the analysis of metals, chemicals and materials

“…[162][163][164][165] In the rst of these examples, by Sharma et al, particle induced gamma ray emission (PIGE) and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) were used for the determination of 18 major, minor and trace elements in soda-lime glass samples. 162 For the PIGE determination of the major elements (Al, Mg, Na and Si), 200 mg of powdered glass sample was mixed with 450 mg of cellulose containing lithium carbonate and then pelletised using a two ton hydraulic press. The reference materials USGS STM-1 and USGS G2 were prepared in the same way.…”