Chemical characterization of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) by Curie-point pyrolysis-gas chromatography-pattern recognition

Torell, James M.; Evans, John O.; Valcarce, Ron; Smith, Grant Gill

doi:10.1016/0165-2370(89)80002-6

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…A number of techniques have been used to quantify the genetic diversity in North American leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.). These include variability in epicuticular leaf waxes (35), curie-point pyrolysis-gas chromatography (59), and analysis of latex triterpenoid composition using gas chromatography (34). None of these techniques can assess genetic variation among and within populations to the same degree as techniques that directly measure changes at the DNA level (40).…”

Section: Molecular Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA-Based Marker Systems to Determine Genetic Diversity of Weedy Species and Their Application to Biocontrol

Nissen¹,

Masters²,

Lee

et al. 1995

Weed sci.

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DNA-based molecular markers may provide information about introduced weedy species that would be useful in biological weed control efforts. Chloroplast DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms (cpDNA RFLP) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis are two DNA-based marker techniques that can provide estimates of genetic variation in native and introduced populations of weedy species. Profiles provided by these techniques could furnish the necessary information to determine the geographic origins of introduced species and provide evidence for multiple introductions. Although DNA-based markers would not necessarily identify the genetic basis for host-pest compatibility, they would enable identification of specific host genotypes. Current criteria for selecting a weedy species as a target for biological control are primarily political and economic. The importance of genetic diversity and population structure in determining the vulnerability of plant populations to insects or diseases has not been fully appreciated. Estimates of genetic diversity based on DNA marker analysis could be used as one criteria for determining which plants are targeted for biological control. The success of biological weed control efforts has been limited by the high levels of genetic diversity occurring in target weed specks and the lack of biocontrol agent and target weed compatibilities. DNA-based markers may be used to increase our understanding of these factors and contribute to the success of biological weed control by helping to target the most vulnerable species and provide more realistic expectations of the potential for success given available resources.

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Section: Molecular Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA-Based Marker Systems to Determine Genetic Diversity of Weedy Species and Their Application to Biocontrol

Nissen¹,

Masters²,

Lee

et al. 1995

Weed sci.

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“…The genetic relationship between leafy spurge in North America and Eurasia has not been established. There has been little success using morphological traits (7), cytogenetic measurements (33), and analysis of secondary chemical compounds (12,14,16,37) as criteria to determine this relationship.…”

Section: Researchers Became Aware Of the Importance Of Establishing Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms in Chloroplast DNA of Five Leafy Spurge (Euphorbiaspp.) Accessions

Nissen¹,

Masters

Lee³

et al. 1992

Weed sci.

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Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) were analyzed to assess genetic variation and relatedness among selections of North American and Eurasian leafy spurge. Leafy spurge accessions from Nebraska, Montana, Russia, Italy, and Austria were evaluated. Total DNA was extracted from young leaves and digested with the restriction endonuclease,EcoRI. CpDNA fragment patterns were determined by Southern blot analysis using mung bean cpDNA probes. Colinearity between the mung bean and leafy spurge chloroplast genomes was indicated by the observation that common fragments were hybridized by adjacent probes. Minimum estimates of chloroplast genome size for the five leafy spurge accessions, which ranged in kilobase size from 130 to 132, were within the size range of most terrestrial plants. Structural collinearity and reasonable estimates of chloroplast genome size provided evidence that the mung bean cpDNA library was suitable for characterizing leafy spurge cpDNA. Seven of the 13 mung bean probes hybridized to polymorphic leafy spurge cpDNA fragments. Based on number of polymorphisms unique to each Eurasian accession, the Austrian accession appeared to be most divergent followed by the Italian and Russian. The North American accessions seem to be most closely related to each other and to the Russian leafy spurge accession.

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“…Leafy spurge represents a genetic, chemical, and morphological mosaic, and as a consequence considerable taxonomic confusion exists (Schulz-Schaeffer and Gerhardt 1987, Torell et al 1989, Nissen et al 1992. This, combined with sexual and asexual reproduction, a deep underground root system, the weed's ability to infest xeric, mesic, and even hygric sites (Nowierski and Zeng 1994), and the numerous native North America plant species in the spurge family Euphorbiaceae (Pemberton 1985) provide a great challenge for classical biological control of this weed.…”

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confidence: 99%

Isozyme Analysis of Aphthona Species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Associated with Different Euphorbia Species (Euphorbiaceae) and Environmental Types in Europe

Nowierski

McDermott

Bunnell

et al. 1996

Annals of the Entomological Society of America

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Isozyme analysis using starch gel electrophoresis was used to examine possible genetic differences among populations of 4 Aphthona species which were associated with 4 different Euphorbia species and 4 different environmental types in Europe. Aphthona species evaluated in the study included A. cyparissiae (Kock), A. flava Guillebeau, A. lacertosa Rosenhauer, and A. nigriscutis Foudras. Euphorbia host plant species considered in this study included E. cyparissias L., E. esula L., E. lucida Waldstein-Wartemberg and Kitaibel, and E. virgata Waldstein-Wartemberg and Kitaibel. Cluster analysis of genetic distances obtained from isozyme analysis easily distinguished populations of the 4 flea beetle species as 4 distinct groups. Based on the dendrogram generated from cluster analysis, populations of A. lacertosa and A. nigriscutis were found to be more similar genetically than either species to populations of A. flava or A. cyparissiae. The greatest genetic distance was found between populations of A. cyparissiae and A. lacertosa, which occur in different habitats and on different spurge species. A relatively high genetic distance also was found between populations of A. cyparissiae and A. nigriscutis, which are species that occur in similar habitats and on similar spurge species. Measurable degrees of genetic variability were found between populations (within a species) for 2 of the 4 Aphthona species sampled.

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Chemical characterization of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) by Curie-point pyrolysis-gas chromatography-pattern recognition

Cited by 11 publications

References 11 publications

DNA-Based Marker Systems to Determine Genetic Diversity of Weedy Species and Their Application to Biocontrol

DNA-Based Marker Systems to Determine Genetic Diversity of Weedy Species and Their Application to Biocontrol

Comparison of Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms in Chloroplast DNA of Five Leafy Spurge (Euphorbiaspp.) Accessions

Isozyme Analysis of Aphthona Species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Associated with Different Euphorbia Species (Euphorbiaceae) and Environmental Types in Europe

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