Comparison of Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms in Chloroplast DNA of Five Leafy Spurge (<i>Euphorbia</i>spp.) Accessions

Nissen, Scoit J.; Masters, Robert A.; Lee, Donald J.; Rowe, Martha L.

doi:10.1017/s0043174500056964

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…Marker-based analyses of jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica) and the aquatic weed Egeria densa showed low levels of genetic diversity and little structuring in both native and introduced populations on different continents (Carter and Sytsma 2001;Pester et al 2003). In contrast, high levels of marker-based diversity and genetic structuring have been reported in both native European and invading North American populations of garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) and leafy spurge (Nissen et al 1992;Rowe et al 1997;Meekins et al 2001). Yet another structuring pattern has been detected using AFLP markers in Rubus alceifolius: this species has high levels of diversity in its native southeast Asian range, reduced diversity among introduced populations in Madagascar, and virtually no diversity in invasive populations on other Indian Ocean islands (Amsellem et al 2000).…”

Section: Continental and Global Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Analysis of Invasive Plant Populations at Different Spatial Scales

Ward

2006

Biol Invasions

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Measuring genetic diversity requires selection of a spatial scale of analysis. Different levels of genetic structuring are revealed at different spatial scales, however, and the relative importance of factors driving genetic structuring varies along the spatial scale continuum. Unequal gene flow is a major factor determining genetic structure in plant populations at the local level, while the effect of selection imposed by environmental heterogeneity increases with the spatial scale of analysis. At a continental and global scale genetic structure of invasive plant populations is significantly affected by founder effect and propagule transport via human vectors. Although genetic analysis at one spatial scale provides only partial information about the invasion process, little published research reports such data for the same species at multiple scales. A multi-faceted approach to investigating the genetic structure of invasive plant species that incorporates sampling at different spatial and temporal scales would provide a more complete picture of the role of genetic forces in invasion.Abbreviations: AFLP -amplified fragment length polymorphism; cpDNA -chloroplast DNA; ESTexpressed sequence tag; ISSR -inter-simple sequence repeat; mtDNA -mitochondrial DNA; ncDNAnuclear DNA; RAPD -randomly amplified polymorphic DNA; RFLP -restriction fragment length polymorphism Spatial scale and molecular marker-based analysis of invasive plant populationsThe effect of spatial scale on pattern analysis has been a recurrent theme in ecological literature (Levin 1992;Willis and Whittaker 2002;Vekemans and Hardy 2004). As noted by a growing number of researchers, defining distribution patterns is complicated by the fact that observations often change with the spatial scale of examination. Recent studies of biodiversity distribution at the level of individual taxa show that spatial scale of sampling can significantly impact findings. Stohlgren and co-workers have reported estimates of native plant species diversity and extent of non-native invasion that vary considerably with the sampling scale (Stohlgren et al. 2002; Barnett and Stohlgren 2003). Crawley and Harral (2001) tested the widely held assumption that the slope of any log-species logarea curve is constant by examining the effect of sampling plant species diversity within the same UK county over a range of spatial scales. They found that the slope of the species-area relationship area actually varies with the spatial scale of sampling, and proposed that different processes

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Section: Continental and Global Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Analysis of Invasive Plant Populations at Different Spatial Scales

Ward

2006

Biol Invasions

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“…An initial survey with eleven restriction enzymes (BamHI, BclI, CfoI, C/la, EcoRI, EcoRV, HindIII, HpaII, KpnI, XbaI, XhoI7) and individual leafy spurge accessions was conducted to determine which restriction enzymes would reveal the largest differences in cpDNA. DNA from Nebraska, Montana, Austria, Italy, and Russia leafy spurge plants was digested with EcoRI (Nissen et al 1992), and DNA of individuals from Nebraska, Montana, Austria, Turkey, Hungary, Yugoslavia, and Russia was digested with the other 10 enzymes. Enzymes revealing most polymorphisms among accessions using the 14 cpDNA probes were EcoRI, EcoRV, and HindIII.…”

Section: Restriction Enzyme/probe Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heterologous probes detected leafy spurge cpDNA polymorphisms throughout the chloroplast genome, which has been estimated at 120,000 to 150,000 base pairs in leafy spurge (Nissen et al 1992). Digested DNAs from representatives of each population were run on a common gel so polymorphisms could be directly compared (Figure 1).…”

Section: Cpdna Polymorphismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variation in North American leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) determined by DNA markers

Rowe¹,

Lee

Nissen

et al. 1997

Weed sci.

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Levels of inter- and intrapopulation genetic variation were determined in five North American populations of leafy spurge using chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) RFLPs and RAPD markers. Thirteen plastome types were identified among 123 individuals collected from five geographically separated populations. Number of plastomes within a population ranged from one to seven, with four of the populations having a predominate type plus one or more rarer types. Some plastome types were shared by populations, but plastome distribution among populations was nonrandom. RAPD markers indicated greatest relatedness among individuals within a population. Relatedness among populations as established through RAPDs was greater for geographically closer populations; this relationship was not observed for cpDNA markers. Differences in the range of movement for pollen and seed may account for differences between results of the cpDNA and RAPD analyses. The high degree of genetic variability among North American leafy spurge suggests possible multiple introductions or a high degree of variability within leafy spurge populations in its native range.

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“…Six mung bean (Phaseolus aureus L.) cpDNA PstI and SalI restriction fragments, cloned into the plasmid vector pBR322, were used as hybridization probes in this study (15,16). Previous research has shown that mung bean cpDNA probes hybridize well to membrane bound leafy spurge cpDNA (13). Mung bean cpDNA probes were labelled with digoxigenin-11-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-triphosphate by random priming (6).…”

Section: Genotype Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Attempts have been made to determine genetic variation in some weed species targeted for biological weed control in North America (13,14). The genetic diversity and population structure of exotic North American genotypes compared to native Eurasian populations probably are characterized better in leafy spurge than any other weed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) Genotype Affects Gall Midge (Spurgia esulae) Establishment

et al. 1996

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Greenhouse cage studies were conducted to determine the influence of shoot morphology and genetic variation on establishment ofSpurgia esulaegall midge on seven leafy spurge genotypes. The genotypes were collected from South Dakota, North Dakota, Nebraska, Montana, Wyoming, Manitoba, and Austria. Genotypes from South Dakota and Nebraska were most susceptible to gall formation and had the highest larvae survival, while the genotypes from Montana and Manitoba were most resistant. Morphological characteristics of the leafy spurge stem tips, such as stem diameter, leaf length, width, and area did not correlate with gall formation or larvae survival. Chloroplast DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the genotypes identified six chloroplast types among the seven leafy spurge genotypes. The two genotypes most resistant to galling byS. esulae, Manitoba and Montana, had the same chloroplast genotype, but also were closely related to the two most susceptible genotypes. Because eggs were laid on all genotypes, it appears that adult females were not preferentially selecting appropriate host genotypes, but that egg and larvae survival was strongly influenced by genotype.

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Comparison of Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms in Chloroplast DNA of Five Leafy Spurge (Euphorbiaspp.) Accessions

Cited by 12 publications

References 32 publications

Genetic Analysis of Invasive Plant Populations at Different Spatial Scales

Genetic Analysis of Invasive Plant Populations at Different Spatial Scales

Genetic variation in North American leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) determined by DNA markers

Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) Genotype Affects Gall Midge (Spurgia esulae) Establishment

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