Chemical characterization of filterable PM 2.5 emissions generated from regulated stationary sources in the Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica

Herrera-Murillo, Jorge; Marín, José Félix Rojas; Múgica, V.; Arias, David Solórzano; Guerrero, Víctor Hugo Beita

doi:10.1016/j.apr.2017.01.007

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Previous studies have mainly focused on FPM 2.5 . − − However, concerns on the CPM have gradually increased as previous studies indicated that the CPM emitted from stationary emissions could be one of the main contributors of the atmospheric particulates. ,− Corio and Sherwell reported that CPM accounts for about 76% of the total PM 10 emitted by coal-fired boilers and about 50% of the total PM 10 emitted by oil- and natural gas-fired boilers. Lu et al found that CPM accounts for about 24.6% of TPM, 33.6% of PM 10 , and 56.9% of PM 2.5 in a coal-fired plant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of Indicatory Metals for Filterable and Condensable PM_2.5 Emitted from Important Stationary Emission Sources

et al. 2019

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This study investigated indicatory metals in the filterable (FPM2.5) and condensable (CPM) particulate matter emitted from six different types of stationary stacks (based on fuels and raw materials, n = 33), namely, coal boiler (COL), heavy oil boiler (HOL), wood boiler (WOD), diesel boiler (DSL), natural gas boiler (NGS), and incinerator (INR). FPM2.5 and CPM samples were collected following U.S. EPA Method 201A and Method 202, respectively. The samples were analyzed for mass concentrations and metal compositions. Results showed that the concentration of CPM was higher than that of the FPM2.5 for all types of stacks except WOD. Comparability analysis of FPM2.5, CPM, and TPM2.5 (FPM2.5 + CPM) metal profiles assessed by using the coefficient of divergence (COD) showed a heterogeneous (COD = 0.32–0.99) relationship among six groups of emission stacks. However, FPM2.5, CPM, and TPM2.5 metal profiles within a group of stack revealed homogeneous (COD = 0.19) to heterogeneous (COD = 0.79) relations. Indicatory metals for COL were found to be Ca, Ba, V (FPM2.5), Se, Cd, and Co (CPM) and V, Se, and Co (TPM2.5). Similarly, indicatory metals for HOL included Ca, V, Ni (FPM2.5), V, Se, and Cd (CPM) and V, Co, and As (TPM2.5). Ca, Ni, Ba (FPM2.5), Se, V, and Cd (CPM) and V, Cd, and As (TPM2.5) were recognized as indicatory metals for WOD boilers. Similarly, K and Ca were found to be indicatory metals for DSL, NGS, and INR. The indicatory metals for different emission sources and for different particle fractions (FPM2.5 and CPM) reflect the differences in fuel types, combustion temperatures, and particle formation mechanisms. The results of the present study are expected to provide valuable information for source apportionment modeling and to better assess the contributions of the aforementioned emission sources to the ambient concentrations of PM2.5 and metal elements.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of Indicatory Metals for Filterable and Condensable PM_2.5 Emitted from Important Stationary Emission Sources

et al. 2019

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“…PAHs with two and three rings contributed only 1 to 2% to particulate mass, since the lightest PAHs are mainly found in (Mastandrea et al 2005), contributing between 14 and 16% of total PAHs mixture. Average ∑PAHs are in the range reported for 71 boilers and 22 furnaces of 1-592 μg m −3 (Murillo et al 2017b).…”

Section: Particle-bounded Polycyclic Aromatic Compound Concentrations and Emission Factorsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Toxic atmospheric pollutants from crematoria ovens: characterization, emission factors, and modeling

González-Cardoso

Hernández-Contreras

Valle-Hernández

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Human remains and corpses' cremation is an increasing practice worldwide alternative to burials, which have increased their cost and reduced spaces in cemeteries. Alike to other combustion processes, cremation produces pollutant emissions that contribute to worsen air quality in modern cities. A 6-month sampling campaign was performed in order to characterize emissions from corpse cremation in three different crematorium ovens and develop emission factors which were used to determine the population exposure to those pollutants during cremation activities applying a dispersion model. The main difference among crematoria was the inclusion or non-inclusion of controlled air supply devices. Using isokinetic samplings in the chimneys crematoria, emissions were measured and characterized with different chemical analyses. No significant differences were found in arsenic and metal concentrations among different crematories, although carbon monoxide, particles, elemental carbon, organic carbon, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in facilities without controlled air supply were up to seven times higher than those with controlled air supply. Nevertheless, these pollutants exceeded standards in all crematoria. Except for elemental and organic carbon concentration that correlated with corpse weight, other recorded cadaver characteristics bear no relation with pollutant emissions. Emission factors among different ovens did not present significant differences; then, they were used for dispersion modeling of particles and mercury emissions over Mexico City when 35 crematoria operate simultaneously through an hour showing that PM 2.5 and Hg increase 0.01-1 μg m −3 and 0.01-0.1 ng m −3 , respectively, in that scenario.

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“…A portion of the liquid was taken then for further analysis by IC. Sulphate, nitrate, and chloride ions were analyzed [37]. The blanks were submitted to the same chain of custody and treatment as the samples.…”

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Distribution and Chemical Composition of Road Dust in Two High-Altitude Latin American Cities

et al. 2021

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Road dust (RD) resuspension is one of the main sources of particulate matter in cities with adverse impacts on air quality, health, and climate. Studies on the variability of the deposited PM10 fraction of RD (RD10) have been limited in Latin America, whereby our understanding of the central factors that control this pollutant remains incomplete. In this study, forty-one RD10 samples were collected in two Andean cities (Bogotá and Manizales) and analyzed for ions, minerals, and trace elements. RD10 levels varied between 1.8–45.7 mg/m2, with an average of 11.8 mg/m2, in Bogotá and between 0.8–26.7 mg/m2, with an average of 5.7 mg/m2, in Manizales. Minerals were the most abundant species in both cities, with a fraction significantly larger in Manizales (38%) than Bogotá (9%). The difference could be explained mainly by the complex topography and the composition of soil derived from volcanic ash in Manizales. The volcanic activity was also associated with SO4⁻2 and Clˉ. Enrichment factors and principal component analysis were conducted to explore potential factors associated to sources of RD10. Elements such as Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni, V, Sb, and Mo were mainly associated with exhaust and non-exhaust traffic emissions.

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Chemical characterization of filterable PM 2.5 emissions generated from regulated stationary sources in the Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica

Cited by 8 publications

References 25 publications

Establishment of Indicatory Metals for Filterable and Condensable PM_2.5 Emitted from Important Stationary Emission Sources

Establishment of Indicatory Metals for Filterable and Condensable PM_2.5 Emitted from Important Stationary Emission Sources

Toxic atmospheric pollutants from crematoria ovens: characterization, emission factors, and modeling

Spatial Distribution and Chemical Composition of Road Dust in Two High-Altitude Latin American Cities

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Chemical characterization of filterable PM 2.5 emissions generated from regulated stationary sources in the Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica

Cited by 8 publications

References 25 publications

Establishment of Indicatory Metals for Filterable and Condensable PM2.5 Emitted from Important Stationary Emission Sources

Establishment of Indicatory Metals for Filterable and Condensable PM2.5 Emitted from Important Stationary Emission Sources

Toxic atmospheric pollutants from crematoria ovens: characterization, emission factors, and modeling

Spatial Distribution and Chemical Composition of Road Dust in Two High-Altitude Latin American Cities

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Establishment of Indicatory Metals for Filterable and Condensable PM_2.5 Emitted from Important Stationary Emission Sources

Establishment of Indicatory Metals for Filterable and Condensable PM_2.5 Emitted from Important Stationary Emission Sources