Chemical characterization, antimicrobial activity, and cytotoxic activity of Mikania micrantha Kunth flower essential oil from North East India

Abstract

Mikania micrantha Kunth (mile-a-minute) is a major invasive weed with medicinal properties. It causes destruction of forests and threat to crop plantations, thus affecting the agriculture-based economy of a country. As an attempt to mitigate this problem, we have studied the applicability of M. micrantha flower essential oil against disease causing microorganisms and inhibition of cancerous cells. Sixty-six compounds were characterized from the flower essential oil by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The major constituents were: Isoledene (16%), δ-Cadinene (11.2%), Debromofiliformin (9.4%), Trans-Caryophyllene (9.1%), β-Bisabolene (7.4%), Germacrene-D (5.8%), and Zingiberene (5.3%). The oil is a complex mixture containing mainly sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (62.9%) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (23.9%) with the other terpene compounds. Well-diffusion and resazurin assay were conducted to determine antimicrobial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the essential oil. Flower oil showed best activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis and Candida albicans with MIC 8 µg/mL. Moreover, it is the first report of antimicrobial activity of the oil towards M. smegmatis, C. albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Minimum bactericidal and fungicidal concentration was determined and mechanism of antimicrobial activity was investigated by Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy analysis. It is the first cytotoxicity report of M. micrantha flower essential oil for cervical, ovarian, and pancreatic cancer cell lines. Through MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, we have found that oil has excellent cytotoxicity against HeLa cervical cancer cell lines (IC 50 5.44 ± 1.33 µg/mL) and PA1 ovarian cancer cell lines (IC 50 10.57 ± 1.44 µg/mL). The essential oil extracted from the invasive weed M. micrantha flower is now found to have antimicrobial and anticancer properties from our study. Thus, this harmful weed can be utilized as antimicrobial and anticancer agents for the healthcare of human being.

Comparative Cytotoxicity of Selected Mikania species using Brine Shrimp Lethality Bioassay and Sulforhodamine B (SRB) Assay

“…Among these, Mikania cordata has been used in traditional herbal medicine for a long to treat various ailments including cancer by folklore people (Uy et al, 2015). Several reporters have also shown the cytotoxic activity of Mikania species (Saikia et al, 2020;Ahammed et al, 2020).…”

“…Previously we reported comparative phenolic contents and antioxidant activity (Khatun et al, 2020), Corresponding author: Md Aziz Abdur Rahman, E-mail: aziz2002@asia.com DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v24i1.51630 antimicrobial activity (Khatun et al, 2017a), and anti-inflammatory and thrombolytic activity (Khatun et al, 2017b) of these three species. A number of published research showed cytotoxic activity of various Mikania species including Mikania cordata (Ali et al, 2011), Mikania micrantha (Saikia et al, 2020) and Mikania scandens (Ahammed et al, 2020). However, comparative cytotoxicity evaluation of these species was not reported before.…”

Anti-proliferating activity of some toxic and medicinal plants used by Wancho tribe of Arunachal Pradesh, India

“…Several previous studies have reported the antiproliferative activity of different medicinal plant in V. radiata model (Charchafchi et al, 2007;Fawzia et al, 2007;Ray et al, 2013;Chetry and Bahrali, 2018). It was also reported that the essential oil extracted from the invasive weed M. micrantha flower has been found to have antimicrobial and anticancer properties (Saikia et al, 2020). The plant M. mirantha was also reported to possess anti-tumour activity (Dou et al, 2014).…”

Essential oil from the leaves of Elsholtzia communis (Collett & Hemsl.) Diels from North East India: Studies on chemical profiling, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and ACE inhibitory activities

“…In continuation of our search for bioactive natural constituents from the plants of North East region of Indo-Burma biodiversity herein, [15][16][17] our aim is to investigate the chemical constituents of the essential oil acquired from E communis leaves and subsequently evaluate its antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antioxidant and ACE inhibiting properties.…”