Chemical characterization and acaricide potential of essential oil from aerial parts of Tagetes patula L. (Asteraceae) against engorged adult females of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806)

Abstract

Rhipicephalus sanguineus, commonly known as the brown dog tick, is one of the most widely distributed species of tick. In dogs, it can cause anemia and provide the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms such as Babesia canis, Ehrlichia canis, Hepatozoon canis, Anaplasma platys, and Mycoplasma haemocanis. To man, it can transmit the intracellular parasites Rickettsia rickettsii and Rickettsia conorii, the causative agents of the Rocky Mountain spotted fever in the Americas and Mediterranean and spotted fever in Europe and North Africa. Its control is performed by applying synthetic formulations composed of pyrethroids; however, continued use of these products results in environmental damage and acquisition of resistance. Alternatively, studies with botanical insecticides have been increasingly recurrent. Therefore, this study aimed to test the efficacy of essential oil of Tagetes patula, a ruderal species widely described in the literature for its insecticidal properties, in engorged females of R. sanguineus by the adults immersion test (AIT) and impregnated paper disk test (IPDT). The essential oil used, through gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, revealed the presence of 55 compounds, being the 4-vinyl guaiacol and gamma terpinene the majority ones. The AIT compared to the IPDT was more efficient in inhibiting oviposition of tick; however, the eggs laid by the females submitted to saturated atmosphere with essential oil, from IPDT, not hatched, interrupted their development cycle. Besides being a pioneer work, the results presented here contributes to new researches, aiming the incorporation of essential oil in an acaricide for use in the environment.

Tagetes spp. Essential Oils and Other Extracts: Chemical Characterization and Biological Activity

“…The impact of the geographical origin on the chemical diversity was significant; an Indian T. patula EO contained limonene (13.6%) and α-terpinolene (11.2%), but not most typical compounds such as ( E )-β-ocimene (8.3%), β-caryophyllene (8%), piperitone (6.1%), and piperitenone (4.9%) [ 57 ]. Another paper describing the composition of the EOs from Brazil [ 58 ] recognized the main components as 4-vinylguaiacol and γ-terpinene. Later studies found that the Brazilian EOs contained α-terpinolene, limonene, piperitenone, and piperitone as the main components [ 36 ].…”

Antifungal, antiradical and cytotoxic activities of extractives obtained from Tagetes patula L. (Asteraceae), a potential acaricide plant species

“…Politi et al (2012) [16], using the same ethanolic extract applied in the tests of the present study, identified by HPLC-MS twelve O-glycosylated flavonoids: kaempferol, patuletin, quercetin-3-O-pentoside, quercetin-3-Oglucoside (isoquercitrin) and quercetin-3-O-galactoside (hyperoside), patuletin-7-O-glucoside (patulitrin) or 6-O -methyl-quercetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-rhamnosyl-O-xyloside, quercetin-3-O-di-rhamnoside, quercetin-3-O-glycosyl-7-O-rhamnosyl, quercetin-3-O-rhamnosyl-7-O-glycosyl, kaempferol-3-O-dihexoside and quercetin-3-O-galloyl-hexoside. In another study, by GCeMS, Politi et al (2013) [17] identified in the essential oil of the aerial parts of T. patula 55 compounds, being the main, 4-vinyl guaiacol and gamma-terpinene, appearing also in good proportions limonene, (E)-tagetone and spathulenol.…”

“…Based on the phytochemistry previously described and the biocide potential of the T. patula reported on recent studies of antitick potential of the 70% ethanolic extract [16,18] and essential oil [17] of this species against the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus, the present investigation aimed to verify the action of these plant extractives on growth of entomopathogenic fungi directly related to the biological control of such ixodids. Besides, the investigation of the activity of these plant extractives over dermatophytes, may also contribute to eliminate pathogenic fungi closely associated with the primary host of these ticks [28].…”

Insecticidal activity of an essential oil of Tagetes patula L. (Asteraceae) on common bed bug Cimex lectularius L. and molecular docking of major compounds at the catalytic site of ClAChE1

“…The insecticide and repellent properties of essential oils from different species of the Tagetes genus have been described (Vasudevan et al 1997;Politi et al 2013). In this work, we investigated the biological activity and safety profile of a Tagetes patula L. (Asteraceae) essential oil (EO) as a promising insecticide against common bed bugs.…”