Chemical characterisation of PM2.5, PM10 and coarse particles at urban, near-city and rural sites in Switzerland

Hueglin, Christoph; Gehrig, Robert; Baltensperger, Urs; Gysel, M.; Monn, Christian; Vonmont, Heinz

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.10.027

Cited by 545 publications

(336 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Ammonium, nitrate and sulfate mean annual concentrations in the fine mode are lower than the value reported by Mariani 10 for sampling site 2 (Maracanã) and those by Hueglin et al 11 for Bern and Zurich (Switzerland) (Table S9). But, higher than the mean annual values reported by Wang and Shooter 13 for Brisbane (Australia) and Hien et al 16 Auckland (New Zealand), two large sub-tropical coastal cities, indicating a larger secondary aerosol production.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 47%

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Multi-site PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 aerosol source apportionment in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Soluri

Godoy

et al. 2007

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Foi realizada a amostragem de aerossol em dez locais distribuídos em diferentes regiões da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, de setembro/2003 a setembro/2004, em uma base semanal com amostragens de 24 horas. As frações do aerossol PM 2.5 e PM 2.5-10 foram amostradas usando um sistema com filtros em série. Foram determinadas: a massa do aerossol, carbono elementar, a concentração dos íons solúveis, assim como a concentração total de alumínio, cálcio, ferro, magnésio, potássio, sódio e titânio. A concentração mássica média anual do PM 10 variou de 18 a 38 μg m -3 , sem violação dos padrões brasileiros de qualidade do ar. Para as frações fina e grossa, entre 70 e 90% da massa medida foi identificada como sendo devido à poucas fontes, sendo que a poeira do solo explica 37-63% da massa da fração grossa (PM 2.5-10 ). Por outro lado, o carbono elementar e o aerossol secundário representam proporções elevadas (45-58%) da massa da fração fina (PM 2.5 ).Aerosol sampling was performed at ten sites distributed in different location of Rio de Janeiro city, from September/2003 to Sepetember/2004, on a weekly basis with 24 h sampling time interval. PM 2.5 and PM 2.5-10 aerosol particles were sampled using Stacked Filter Units (SFU). Aerosol mass, black carbon, water soluble ions concentration as well as total aluminum, calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, sodium and titanium concentration were determined. Mean annual PM 10 mass concentration ranged from 18 to 38 μg m -3 , without violation of the Brazilian air quality standards. For fine and coarse modes, between 70 and 90% of the measured mass was apportioned to relatively few sources, soil dust accounts for 37-63% of the coarse mode mass. On the other hand, black carbon and secondary aerosol, related to anthropogenic sources as fuel burning, represents very high proportions (45-58%) of the PM 2.5 mass.Keywords: Brazil, air pollution, aerosol, source apportionment IntroductionThe city of Rio de Janeiro is one of the twenty biggest urban agglomerations in the world, with 11 million inhabitants in the metropolitan area and the first, among the Brazilian cities, in respect to the population density, with 1700 hab/km 2 . 1,2 Among the metropolitans regions existing in the country, Rio de Janeiro has the highest degree of urbanization, 96.8%, and responds for 80% of the internal income of the State and 13% of the Country. 1,3 Factors such as local topography, irregular occupation of the space, presence of open sea and a fraction of the urban area at the Guanabara Bay influence the urban atmosphere of the city of Rio de Janeiro. These factors result in an efficient, however complex, regimen of atmospheric circulation, combining winds with the canalizations originated from its topography, and, consequently, contributing to an irregular distribution and dispersion of pollutants. The climatological evaluation of the atmospheric circulation in Rio de Janeiro shows that the highest wind direction frequency is from SouthSoutheast to Northeast sectors, along the year, with average wind velocity o...

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 47%

“…The observed black carbon (BC), the PM 2.5 , the PM 10-2.5 and the PM 10 mass concentrations are in the range of the reported in the literature for urban areas such as Bern and Zurich, 11 Edinburgh, 12 Auckland, 13 Porto Alegre, 14 Brisbane, 15 but lower when compared to cities like Ho Chi Minh, 16 São Paulo, 17 e Santiago 5 (Table S9).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Multi-site PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 aerosol source apportionment in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Soluri

Godoy

et al. 2007

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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“…Moreover, water content at 50% R.H. can give a contribution of about 10% (McMurry 2000). In particular, K (Andrews et al 2000), sulphates and nitrates (Hueglin et al 2005) can be responsible for water contents in particulate matter. The larger discrepancies in mass closure observed during wintertime may be explained considering that higher nitrate concentration (on average 14%) and R.H. (on average 78%) registered in this season might have increased water content in PM10.…”

Section: Meteorological Conditions and Mass Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

4-hours resolution data to study PM10 in a “hot spot” area in Europe

Vecchi

Bernardoni

Fermo

et al. 2008

Environ Monit Assess

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Nowadays, high-time resolved aerosol studies are mandatory to better understand atmospheric processes, such as formation, removal, transport, deposition or chemical reactions. This work focuses on PM10 physical and chemical characterisation with high-time resolution: elements (from Na to Pb), ions and OC/EC fractions concentration were determined during two weeks Further measurements aimed at hourly elemental characterisation of fine and coarse fractions and at the determination of particles number concentration in the 0.25-32 μm size range in 31 bins. The chemical mass closure was carried out in both seasons, enhancing intra-day differences in PM10 composition. In Milan, the highest contribution came from organic matter (34% and 33% in summer and winter, respectively); other important contributors were secondary inorganic compounds (16% and 24% in summer and winter, respectively) and, in summer, crustal matter (14%). Temporal trends showed strong variations in PM10 composition during contiguous time-slots and diurnal variations in different components contribution were identified. Moreover, peculiar phenomena, which would have hardly been detected with 24-hours samplings, were evidenced. Particles removal due to precipitations, aerosol local production and long range transport were studied in detail.

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“…[ 48] heated the filters for 6 h at 500 ºC, whereas Wang et al [67]) heated at the same temperature for 2h, and Hueglin et al [68] heated them for 2 h at 600ºC. In most articles, nothing is said if the filters are heated or not to remove the impurities.…”

Section: Sampling Of Particulate Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LOD 0.05 ng m -3 [68] In relation to ICP-MS, there is the possibility to use Laser Ablation (LA) for sample introduction in the plasma, as it has been proposed by Wang et al [81] for PM samples collected on PTFE filters, with promising results, although no more references were published afterwards with LA. Laser instability and inhomogeneous composition of the filters are parameters that have to be considered in order to have reproducible results.…”

Section: Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (Icp-ms)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical approaches for arsenic determination in air: A critical review

Sánchez-Rodas

Campa

Alsioufi

2015

Analytica Chimica Acta

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This review describes the different steps involved in the determination of arsenic in air, considering the particulate matter (PM) and the gaseous phase. The review focuses on sampling, sample preparation and instrumental analytical techniques for both total arsenic determination and speciation analysis. The origin, concentration and legislation concerning arsenic in ambient air are also considered. The review intends to describe the procedures for sample collection of total suspended particles (TSP) or particles with a certain diameter expressed in microns (e.g. PM10 and PM2.5), or the collection of the gaseous phase containing gaseous arsenic species. Sample digestion of the collecting media for PM is

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Chemical characterisation of PM2.5, PM10 and coarse particles at urban, near-city and rural sites in Switzerland

Cited by 545 publications

References 31 publications

Multi-site PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 aerosol source apportionment in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Multi-site PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 aerosol source apportionment in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

4-hours resolution data to study PM10 in a “hot spot” area in Europe

Analytical approaches for arsenic determination in air: A critical review

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