Chemical Changes in 15 Year-old Cultivated Acacia Hybrid Oil-Heat Treated “at 180, 220 and 220°C”

Khalid, Izyan; Wahab, Razak; Sudin, Mahmud; Sulaiman, Othman; Hassan, Affendy; Alamjuri, Roziela Hanim

doi:10.5539/ijc.v2n1p97

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Although the higher-density corresponds to higher quality, it also means higher cost and weight of finished particle board. Similar finding was also observed by Khalid et al (2010) in their studies on the chemical changes in 15 year-old cultivated Acacia hybrid oil-heat treated at 180, 200 and 220°C.…”

Section: Results and Discussion Physical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 88%

Properties of Empty Fruit Bunch Oil Palm (Elaeis guineesis) Composite Boards at Different Densities and Resin Contents

Wahab¹,

Marlia²,

Mustafa³

et al. 2015

J. of Plant Sciences

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Properties of composite boards made from oil palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) at different density and resin content were investigated. The EFB was refined using fiber cutter and particle's crusher. Hardeners and wax were added at 1 and 3% during the mixing process. Boards of densities 500, 600 and 700 kg mG 3 were produced with resin urea formaldehyde at 10, 12 and 14%, respectively. The boards were stored in a conditioning chamber set at 20±2°C and 65% relative humidity before undergoing subsequent testing. Testing procedure was done in accordance with EN Standard and specifications. The results indicated increases across the board physical and mechanical properties. The highest MOR and MOE value achieved in this study were 22.91 and 2059.56 N mmG 2 . Highest value for internal bonding was 0.98 N mmG 2 , meanwhile for edge and face screw withdrawal, 467.47 and 512.37 N mmG 2 . Boards with 700 g cmG 3 density and 14% resin content met all the requirement needed according to standard exercised. Board with the lowest performance was observed using microscopy machine to study the resin-fiber bonding property. Resin and fiber in the board intacted closely but there were voids appeared at the cross-section of the board 500 g cmG 3 density with 10% resin content, suggesting moisture had penetrated into the board via the open spaces and attacked the linkages existed, thus cause the board to have a low property. Thermogravimetric analysis was done to study the thermal stability of the boards manufactured. The maximum rate of decomposition for the OPEFB boards occurred at 380.83°C.

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Section: Results and Discussion Physical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 88%

Properties of Empty Fruit Bunch Oil Palm (Elaeis guineesis) Composite Boards at Different Densities and Resin Contents

Wahab¹,

Marlia²,

Mustafa³

et al. 2015

J. of Plant Sciences

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“…This technology is nontoxic and does not require the use of chemicals. The utilization of thermal modification and the production of thermally modified wood have increased considerably during the last decade (Hill 2006, Shi et al 2007, Bächle et al 2010, Khalid et al 2010, Korkut 2012.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of thermal modification temperature on the mechanical properties, dimensional stability, and biological durability of black spruce (Picea mariana)

Lekounougou

Kocaefe

2014

Wood Material Science & Engineering

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This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of thermal modification temperature on the mechanical properties, dimensional stability, and biological durability of Picea mariana. The boards were thermally modified at different temperatures 190, 200 and 210°C. The results indicated that the thermal modification of wood caused a significant decrease in the modulus of rupture (MOR) after 190°C, while the modulus of elasticity (MOE) seemed less affected with a slight increase up to 200°C and slight decrease with further increase in temperature. The hardness of the thermally modified wood increased in the axial direction. This increase was also observed in tangential and axial directions but at a lesser extent. The final value was slightly higher in axial direction and lower in radial and tangential directions compared to those of the untreated wood. Dimensional stability improved with thermal modification in the three directions compared to the dimensional stability of unmodified wood. The fungal degradation results showed that the decay resistance of thermally modified wood against the wood-rotting fungi Trametes versicolor and Gloephyllum trabeum improved compared to that of the untreated wood. By contrast, the thermal modification of P. mariana had a limited effect on the degradation caused by the fungus Poria placenta.

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“…It can be explained that the base portion of mangrove trees Rhizophora apiculata has the highest static bending test value also has the highest density value. The strength of wood is also influenced by other factors such as genetics, tree parts, presence of timber knots, wooden anatomy structures, length and density of cells, tree age or species (Desch 1989;Khalid et al, 2010).…”

Section: Differentiation Of Density and Basic Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Mechanical Properties of Rhizophora Apiculata Through Engineered Laminated Boards

Wahab¹,

Fauzi²,

Mokhtar³

et al. 2020

AgricultForest

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A study in enhancing the strength properties of Rhizophora apiculata by turning the solid wood into an engineered laminated board was executed. The matured Rhizophora species was selected from peat swamp forest in Sibu, Sarawak. The trunk was segregated into three parts, namely the bottom, middle and top portion and subsequently sawn into wooden planks. The laminated boards were cut into specific thicknesses and immediately bonded with an adhesive by pressed drying. Preparation for solid and laminated boards testing samples followed the ISO and ASTM standards. Properties such as the moisture content, density, basic density, static bending (MOR and MOE) and compression were determined. The results show an improvement in properties from the solid to laminated board. The values in density, MOR, and MOE increased in the range of 2-6%, 29-42%, and 13-36%, respectively. However, the values of the moisture content, basic density, and compression, indicated a vice versa trend ranging from 1-2%, 2-6%, and 8-24%, respectively. The bottom portion was more durable and robust compared to the other portions.

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Chemical Changes in 15 Year-old Cultivated Acacia Hybrid Oil-Heat Treated “at 180, 220 and 220°C”

Cited by 13 publications

References 20 publications

Properties of Empty Fruit Bunch Oil Palm (Elaeis guineesis) Composite Boards at Different Densities and Resin Contents

Properties of Empty Fruit Bunch Oil Palm (Elaeis guineesis) Composite Boards at Different Densities and Resin Contents

Effect of thermal modification temperature on the mechanical properties, dimensional stability, and biological durability of black spruce (Picea mariana)

Enhancing Mechanical Properties of Rhizophora Apiculata Through Engineered Laminated Boards

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