Chemical and Thermophysical Characterization of an Algae-Based Hydrotreated Renewable Diesel Fuel

Hsieh, Peter Y.; Widegren, Jason A.; Fortin, Tara J.; Bruno, Thomas J.

doi:10.1021/ef500237t

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Though argued that aircraft applications are better purposed [25], the high cetane number of many of these materials is also conducive to diesel applications without strong blending limit constraints [17]. Hydrotreated renewable diesel derived from algae is also under consideration by the U.S. Navy [26][27][28]. Non-aromatic alternative fuels with cetane numbers ranging from 30 to 70 or more (see later discussions) can be produced by varying the ratio of normal and iso-paraffinic fractions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical kinetic and combustion characteristics of transportation fuels

Dryer

2015

Proceedings of the Combustion Institute

161

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Internal combustion engines running on liquid fuels will remain the dominant prime movers for road and air transportation for decades, probably for most of this century. The world's appetite for liquid transportation fuels derived from petroleum and other fossil resources is already immense, will grow, will at some future time become economically unsustainable, and will become infeasible only in the very long term. The ongoing process of augmenting and eventually replacing petroleum-derived fuels with liquid alternative fuels must necessarily involve approaches that result in comparatively much lower net carbon cycle emissions from the transportation sector, most likely through a combination of carbon sequestration and renewable fuel production. The successful growth and establishment of a sustainable, profitable alternative fuels industry will be best facilitated by approaches that integrate alternative products into petroleum-derived fuel streams (i.e., gasolines, diesel, and jet fuels) and consider synergistic evolution of and integration with prevailing refining and liquid fuel distribution infrastructures. The emergence of low temperature combustion strategies, particularly those implementing dual fuel methods to achieve Reaction Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI), offers the potential to significantly improve operating efficiency and reduce emissions with minimal aftertreatment. For all advanced combustion engine technologies, but especially for RCCI, a clear understanding of fuel property influences on combustion behaviors will be important to achieving projected engine performance and emissions. To achieve the benefits projected by emerging engine technologies, the properties of petroleumderived fuels themselves must be modified over time, but the effects of blending candidate alternative fuels with these conventional fuels must also be understood. Predicting the coupled physical and chemical property effects of real fuels on energy conversion system performance and emissions is a daunting problem, even for petroleum-derived real fuels, since each is composed of several hundred to thousands of individual chemical species typically belonging to one of a few organic classes (e.g., n-paraffins, isoparaffins, cyclo-paraffins, olefins, aromatics). For specific combustion applications, it is often the global combustion response to variations in the composition of fuel mixtures-inclusive of those occurring by blending petroleum-derived fuel with alternative fuel candidates-that is of interest for fuel property optimization. This paper presents an overview of tools used for evaluating and emulating combustionrelevant properties of real fuels and alternative fuel candidates. New analytical and statistical methods can provide important insights as to how the ensembles of distinct molecular structures found in a given fuel mixture contribute to the physical and chemical kinetic properties that govern its combustion in energy conversion processes. Such tools can in turn assist in screening candidate alternative f...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical kinetic and combustion characteristics of transportation fuels

Dryer

2015

Proceedings of the Combustion Institute

161

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“…[79] For example, the commercial JP-8 jet fuel has densities from 0.825 to 0.850 gmL À1 ,w ith aN HOC of~120 kBtu gal À1 . [80] In contrast, an ormal renewable biodiesel has ad ensity range from 0.73 to 0.76 gmL À1 . [81] Ap ossible solution to the low density of these fuels is to produce high density compounds, such as polycycloalkanes,f rom biomass or plastic waste for blending with SPKs or direct use as biofuel.…”

Section: Catalytic Production Of High Density Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Nanocatalyst Design for Biofuel Production

2018

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The exploitation of nanocatalysts, at the boundary between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, offers new efficient ways to produce renewable biofuels in environmentally friendly conditions. Specifically, biodiesel and high density fuels have been chosen as major topics of research for the design of catalytic nanomaterials. As solid‐state catalysts, they are recyclable, and their nanometric particle size enables high activities that approach those of homogeneous catalysts. In addition, they offer novel and unique catalytic behaviors not accessible to solids above the nanometer range. Furthermore, the use of magnetically active materials has led to the development of nanocatalysts easily recoverable through the application of magnetic fields. In this Minireview, the latest achievements in the production of advanced biofuels using stable, highly active, cheap and reusable nanocatalysts are described.

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“…Scientists at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) combined methods of distillation curve method, NMR, and GC-MS to evaluate the properties of an algal-based hydrotreated renewable diesel [30]. Additional test methods 58 including measuring the speed of sound, the cloud point, density, the cetane index, the storage stability, and the oxidation stability were also developed [31].…”

Section: Standards and Protocols For Characterization Of Algae-based mentioning

confidence: 99%

Standards and Protocols for Characterization of Algae-Based Biofuels

Yang

Zhang²,

Cui³

et al. 2016

Tr Ren Energy

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Recently, algae have been considered as the third-generation biofuel feedstock, which can be converted to the precursor chemicals of drop-in fuels via either the algal lipid upgrading (ALU) pathway or the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) pathway. These precursors could be further processed and upgraded to fuels. This article reviews the standards and protocols that are suitable for characterization of drop-in algal biofuels. Applicable ASTM standards and European standards (EN) were summarized. The protocols that have been used by researches and the National Institute of Standards and Technology were also introduced. Keywords: Algae-Based Biofuels; ASTM Standards; European Standards (EN); Drop-in Algal Biofuel; Algal Lipid Upgrading (ALU); Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) IntroductionAlgae are a big variety of photosynthetic organisms, while microalgae are prokaryotic or eukaryotic photosynthetic microorganisms that can grow rapidly and live in harsh conditions due to their unicellular or simple multicellular structure. It is estimated that more than 50,000 species exist, but only a limited number of algal species have been studied and analyzed [1]. Microalgae have the ability to mitigate greenhouse gases, and some species can accumulate oil with a high productivity, thereby having the potential for applications in producing the third-generation of biofuels [2].During the past decade, government agencies and the private sector had shown tremendous interests in algae related studies. Thus, the algal technologies for biofuels production have been greatly advanced [3]. The algal biofuel production cost was significantly reduced, and the advanced process options for the conversion of algal biomass into biofuels and bioproducts have been developed [4]. Currently, there are two approaches that were suggested by the US Department of Energy as the promising technologies for algal biomass conversion. The first approach is call the algal lipid upgrading (ALU) pathway, in which algal oils are extracted from the biomass via highpressure homogenization with hexane [5]. This approach was further improved by combining with a biological conversion route that converts carbohydrates in algae to ethanol. Therefore, an integrated biorefinery process for ALU pathway was established [6]. The second technique is via the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) pathway that produces a water-insoluble bio-crude oil by using treatments at high pressure (5-20 MPa) 57 and at the temperature range of 250-450°C [7,8]. Other techniques, such as pyrolysis [9] and gasification [10,11], were also applied for converting algae to biofuels. However, these techniques have not been extensively studied yet, because of their inherent problems.The products from ALU and HTL are crude algal oil and bio-crude oil, respectively. Due to the low selectivity of two pathways, both products contain impurities like heteroatoms, oxygenated compounds, and nitrogenated compounds. In order to synthesize algae-based drop-in fuels, it requires upgrading processes (such as crackin...

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Chemical and Thermophysical Characterization of an Algae-Based Hydrotreated Renewable Diesel Fuel

Cited by 18 publications

References 70 publications

Chemical kinetic and combustion characteristics of transportation fuels

Chemical kinetic and combustion characteristics of transportation fuels

Advances in Nanocatalyst Design for Biofuel Production

Standards and Protocols for Characterization of Algae-Based Biofuels

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