Chemical and Structural Assessment of New Dental Composites with Graphene Exposed to Staining Agents

Abstract

Among the newest trends in dental composites is the use of graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles to assure better cohesion of the composite and superior properties. Our research used GO to enhance several hydroxyapatite (HA) nanofiller distribution and cohesion in three experimental composites CC, GS, GZ exposed to coffee and red wine staining environments. The presence of silane A-174 on the filler surface was evidenced by FT-IR spectroscopy. Experimental composites were characterized through color stability after 30 days of staining in red wine and coffee, sorption and solubility in distilled water and artificial saliva. Surface properties were measured by optical profilometry and scanning electron microscopy, respectively, and antibacterial properties wer e assessed against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. A colour stability test revealed the best results for GS, followed by GZ, with less stability for CC. Topographical and morphological aspects revealed a synergism between GZ sample nanofiller components that conducted to the lower surface roughness, with less in the GS sample. However, surface roughness variation due to the stain was affected less than colour stability at the macroscopic level. Antibacterial testing revealed good effect against Staphylococcus aureus and a moderate effect against Escherichia coli.

Effect of Glazing Protocol on the Surface Roughness and Optical Properties of Lithia-Based Glass-Ceramics

“…Additionally, the alcohol in wine can act as a solvent, potentially dissolving or dispersing the pigments in the materials, further affecting their color stability. Obviously, this effect is more predominant for porous materials such as composites, but some effects can also be observed in silica-based structures such as the evaluated ceramic materials [26,27].…”

“…In general, wine contains various compounds, including phenolic compounds like tannins, anthocyanins (responsible for the red color), and other organic molecules. These compounds can interact with the surface of inorganic materials such as glass-ceramic, leading to color changes over time [26,27]. The acidity of wine, along with its alcohol content, can also play a role in these interactions.…”

Morphology, Cytotoxicity, and Antimicrobial Activity of Electrospun Polycaprolactone Biomembranes with Gentamicin and Nano-Hydroxyapatite

“…AFM investigation showed different roughness values, depending on the quantity of nHAP in the NMs. Data in the literature show that slightly increased roughness of the biomaterial surface facilitates better proliferation of cultured cells such as osteoblasts [ 29 , 30 ], and increases the antibacterial effect by preventing dangerous microorganisms’ adhesion to their surface [ 31 , 32 ]. Thus, the significant roughness increase associated with good dispersion of the nHAP within the fiber materials, and subsequently within their surface, along with GEN loading reveals a synergistic effect on the microstructure, which should be correlated with the samples’ antibacterial effect.…”

Graphene as a promising material in orthodontics: A review

“…Besides the antibacterial characteristics, the physiochemical and mechanical characteristics of graphene and its derivative can be utilized to improve the properties of various dental materials. [ 78 ] Several studies investigated adding graphene-based material into polymers,[ 79 ] glass ionomer cement,[ 49 80 ] composite,[ 81 82 ] primers,[ 83 ] implant materials,[ 84 ] and adhesives. [ 85 ]…”