Chemical and ruminal in vitro evaluation of Canadian canola meals produced over 4 years

Broderick, G.A.; Colombini, S.; Costa, Sara; Karsli, Mehmet Akif; Faciola, A.P.

doi:10.3168/jds.2016-11000

Cited by 21 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…For example, soybean meal and canola meal have in situ RUP values of 43 and 36%, respectively, at DMI = 4% of BW (NRC, 2001). However, lower in vivo ruminal concentrations of the protein breakdown products ammonia and branchedchain VFA (Broderick et al, 2015) and lower ruminal in vitro estimates of degradation (Broderick et al, 2016) indicate that canola meal protein is substantially less degradable than soybean meal protein. Ring studies have been conducted comparing in situ results from different laboratories (Madsen and Hvelplund, 1994;Mathis et al, 2001).…”

Section: Solubility and In Situ Assays To Quantify Ruminal Protein Degradation And Escapementioning

confidence: 99%

A 100-Year Review: Protein and amino acid nutrition in dairy cows

Schwab¹,

Broderick²

2017

Journal of Dairy Science

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184

127

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Considerable progress has been made in understanding the protein and amino acid (AA) nutrition of dairy cows. The chemistry of feed crude protein (CP) appears to be well understood, as is the mechanism of ruminal protein degradation by rumen bacteria and protozoa. It has been shown that ammonia released from AA degradation in the rumen is used for bacterial protein formation and that urea can be a useful N supplement when lower protein diets are fed. It is now well documented that adequate rumen ammonia levels must be maintained for maximal synthesis of microbial protein and that a deficiency of rumen-degradable protein can decrease microbial protein synthesis, fiber digestibility, and feed intake. Rumen-synthesized microbial protein accounts for most of the CP flowing to the small intestine and is considered a high-quality protein for dairy cows because of apparent high digestibility and good AA composition. Much attention has been given to evaluating different methods to quantify ruminal protein degradation and escape and for measuring ruminal outflows of microbial protein and rumen-undegraded feed protein. The methods and accompanying results are used to determine the nutritional value of protein supplements and to develop nutritional models and evaluate their predictive ability. Lysine, methionine, and histidine have been identified most often as the most-limiting amino acids, with rumen-protected forms of lysine and methionine available for ration supplementation. Guidelines for protein feeding have evolved from simple feeding standards for dietary CP to more complex nutrition models that are designed to predict supplies and requirements for rumen ammonia and peptides and intestinally absorbable AA. The industry awaits more robust and mechanistic models for predicting supplies and requirements of rumen-available N and absorbed AA. Such models will be useful in allowing for feeding lower protein diets and increased efficiency of microbial protein synthesis.

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Section: Solubility and In Situ Assays To Quantify Ruminal Protein Degradation And Escapementioning

confidence: 99%

A 100-Year Review: Protein and amino acid nutrition in dairy cows

Schwab¹,

Broderick²

2017

Journal of Dairy Science

Self Cite

184

127

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“… 1 References [17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45]. 2 Standard deviation.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding Canola, Camelina, and Carinata Meals to Ruminants

Paula

Silva

Brandao

et al. 2019

Animals

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Simple SummaryThe world population is estimated to reach 9 billion people by 2050, which is estimated to increase the demand for food, fuel, and fiber by 60%. Domesticated ruminants play a vital role in this scenario because they can consume food byproducts that are nonedible for humans, contributing to livestock sustainability. Meals extracted from oilseed plants, such as soybean, canola, carinata, and camelina, are examples of food byproducts. Soybean meal is likely the byproduct most used worldwide, due to its availability and high-quality nutritional composition. However, the dependency on monocultures such as soybean is problematic due to price fluctuation and, in some countries, import dependency. Canola, camelina, and carinata meals have been investigated in the past two decades. Therefore, we aimed to summarize the results from studies in which canola, camelina, and carinata meal were fed to ruminants in order to evaluate how comparable these are to soybean meal and other common protein supplements in terms of animal digestion and performance. Based on this review, we conclude that canola meal is at least as good as soybean meal; and that camelina and carinata meal can be a valuable alternative feedstuff for livestock animals.AbstractSoybean meal (SBM) is a byproduct from the oil-industry widely used as protein supplement to ruminants worldwide due to its nutritional composition, high protein concentration, and availability. However, the dependency on monocultures such as SBM is problematic due to price fluctuation, availability and, in some countries, import dependency. In this context, oilseeds from the mustard family such as rapeseed/canola (Brassica napus and Brassica campestris), camelina (Camelina sativa), and carinata (Brassica carinata) have arisen as possible alternative protein supplements for ruminants. Therefore, the objective of this comprehensive review was to summarize results from studies in which canola meal (CM), camelina meal (CMM), and carinata meal (CRM) were fed to ruminants. This review was based on published peer-reviewed articles that were obtained based on key words that included the oilseed plant in question and words such as “ruminal fermentation and metabolism, animal performance, growth, and digestion”. Byproducts from oil and biofuel industries such as CM, CMM, and CRM have been evaluated as alternative protein supplements to ruminants in the past two decades. Among the three plants reviewed herein, CM has been the most studied and results have shown an overall improvement in nitrogen utilization when animals were fed CM. Camelina meal has a comparable amino acids (AA) profile and crude protein (CP) concentration to CM. It has been reported that by replacing other protein supplements with CMM in ruminant diets, similar milk and protein yields, and average daily gain have been observed. Carinata meal has protein digestibility similar to SBM and its CP is highly degraded in the rumen. Overall, we can conclude that CM is at least as good as SBM as a protein supplement; and altho...

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“…The results were explained by the EAA composition of the RUP: although soybean meal is low in methionine, cottonseed meal is very low in lysine, and canola meal has a more balanced content of both methionine and lysine (NRC, 2001). Both a greater proportion RUP in its CP (Broderick et al, 2016), plus greater methionine in that RUP (NRC, 2001), explain the consistently greater milk protein yields observed when canola meal Table 6 Response of lactating cows to supplementation of rumenundegraded protein (RUP) from solvent-extracted soybean meal (SSBM) or expeller soybean meal (ESBM) fed in supplement of alfalfa silage-based diets (Broderick et al, 1990) Means from trials 1 and 2 (Broderick et al, 1990). replaces soybean meal in the diet of lactating dairy cows (Huhtanen et al, 2011;Martineau et al, 2013).…”

Section: Protein Quality Is Important To Productive Ruminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Optimizing ruminant conversion of feed protein to human food protein

Broderick

2018

Animal

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Ruminant livestock have the ability to produce high-quality human food from feedstuffs of little or no value for humans. Balanced essential amino acid composition of meat and milk from ruminants makes those protein sources valuable adjuncts to human diets. It is anticipated that there will be increasing demand for ruminant proteins in the future. Increasing productivity per animal dilutes out the nutritional and environmental costs of maintenance and rearing dairy animals up to production. A number of nutritional strategies improve production per animal such as ration balancing in smallholder operations and small grain supplements to ruminants fed high-forage diets. Greenhouse gas emission intensity is reduced by increased productivity per animal; recent research has developed at least one effective inhibitor of methane production in the rumen. There is widespread over-feeding of protein to dairy cattle; milk and component yields can be maintained, and sometimes even increased, at lower protein intake. Group feeding dairy cows according to production and feeding diets higher in rumen-undegraded protein can improve milk and protein yield. Supplementing rumen-protected essential amino acids will also improve N efficiency in some cases. Better N utilization reduces urinary N, which is the most environmentally unstable form of excretory N. Employing nutritional models to more accurately meet animal requirements improves nutrient efficiency. Although smallholder enterprises, which are concentrated in tropical and semi-tropical regions of developing countries, are subject to different economic pressures, nutritional biology is similar at all production levels. Rather than milk volume, nutritional strategies should maximize milk component yield, which is proportional to market value as well as food value when milk nutrients are consumed directly by farmers and their families. Moving away from Holsteins toward smaller breeds such as Jerseys, Holstein-Jersey crosses or locally adapted breeds (e.g. Vechur) would also reduce lactose production and improve metabolic, environmental and economic efficiencies. Forages containing condensed tannins or polyphenol oxidase enzymes have reduced rumen protein degradation; ruminants capture this protein more efficiently for meat and milk. Although these forages generally have lower yields and persistence, genetic modification would allow insertion of these traits into more widely cultivated forages. Ruminants will retain their niches because of their ability to produce valuable human food from low value feedstuffs. Employing these emerging strategies will allow improved productive efficiency of ruminants in both developing and developed countries.

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Chemical and ruminal in vitro evaluation of Canadian canola meals produced over 4 years

Cited by 21 publications

References 36 publications

A 100-Year Review: Protein and amino acid nutrition in dairy cows

A 100-Year Review: Protein and amino acid nutrition in dairy cows

Feeding Canola, Camelina, and Carinata Meals to Ruminants

Review: Optimizing ruminant conversion of feed protein to human food protein

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