Chemical and rheological assessment of produced biolubricants from different vegetable oils

Attia, N. K.; El-Mekkawi, Samar A.; El-Ardy, Ola Ahmed M.; Abdelkader, Elham

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117578

Cited by 90 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This compound has been identified as a byproduct of Ethylene Glycol Diester ((E) -2 -((E)octadec-9-enoyloxy) ethyl nonadec-9-enoate). Several studies that have been published by previous researchers also stated that the presence of ethylene glycol diester (EGDE) in synthetic products can actually act as biolubricants [13]. However, the research that has been done here shows that the total of all HEE products produced still shows the majority compared to other synthetic products.…”

Section: Synthesis Of 2-hydroxyethyl Estermentioning

confidence: 65%

Synthesis of 2-Hydroxy-Ethyl Ester from Peanut Oil as a Bio-Additive for Diesel Fuel

Zetra¹,

Sukria²,

Burhan³

et al. 2021

Proceedings of the 2nd Borobudur International Symposium on Science and Technology (BIS-STE 2020)

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Greenhouse gas emissions increase with the use of diesel fuel. The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions can be done by using the desulphuration method. However, low sulfur in diesel fuel causes low lubricity values. One of solutions to this problem is by adding a bio-additive compound. In this research, the synthesis of 2-hydroxyethyl ester compounds as a bio-additive obtained by the transesterification reaction of peanut oil with ethylene glycol and K2CO3 catalyst will be carried out. The simple reflux is used with a molar ratio of ethylene glycol and triglycerides of 10: 1 with K2CO3 of 9% mole of triglycerides. The conversion to the product was 77.47%. Product characterization was carried out using Mass Spectrometry Gas Chromatography (GC-MS). Based on chromatograms, the total abundance of the 2hydroxyethyl ester is 54.69%. This compound can be used as an alternative bio-additive lubricity improver.

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Section: Synthesis Of 2-hydroxyethyl Estermentioning

confidence: 65%

Synthesis of 2-Hydroxy-Ethyl Ester from Peanut Oil as a Bio-Additive for Diesel Fuel

Zetra¹,

Sukria²,

Burhan³

et al. 2021

Proceedings of the 2nd Borobudur International Symposium on Science and Technology (BIS-STE 2020)

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“…This product is commonly named 1,2-ethanediol di-esters. According to a previous study by Attia [22], these compounds are environment-friendly and have the potency to be a bio-additives lubricity enhancer. The chemical compounds of the product can be seen in Table 2.…”

Section: Characterization Hee Product Using Gc-ms Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of Diesel Lubricity Enhancer through Transesterification Reaction of Palm Oil with 1,2-Ethanediol

Zetra

Sholihah

Burhan

et al. 2021

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Desulphurization of diesel fuel is necessary to be done to reduce sulphur content in the air. However, the desulphurization process will reduce the lubrication properties of diesel fuel. In order to overcome the problem, it needs bioadditive to improve the lubricity. Lubricity of diesel fuel can be improved by the subsistence of chemical compound that is hydroxyethyl esther (HEE). HEE is synthesized through the transesterification reaction of palm oil (triglycerides) and 1,2 ethanediol at 150 °C for 5 hours and K2CO3 catalyst as well. The conversion of TG into the products is 72.90%. The characterization using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) indicates that the chemical compound in synthesis products comprise free fatty acids, hydroxyethyl esters and by-products. The obtained products can be used as bioadditives to improve the lubricity of diesel fuel.

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“…The ethylene glycol diester (EGDEs) group of compounds can be formed because the reaction between the two nucleophiles contained in ethylene glycol attacks the carbonyl carbon in the triglyceride molecule. Although it acts as a side compound of HEE synthesis, ethylene glycol diester compounds have the potential to be used as bioadditive lubricity improver [22,23].…”

Section: Synthesis Of Hydroxy Ethyl Ester (Hee)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Bio-additive for Low Sulphur Diesel: Transesterification of Soybean Oil and Ethylene Glycol using K2CO3 Catalyst

Hariyanto

Firmansyah

Burhan

et al. 2021

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The desulphurization process of diesel fuel is carried out to reduce the amount of SO2 emissions that can cause acid rain. However, the desulphurization process in diesel fuel not only removes the sulfur compounds but polyaromatic and polar compounds are also eliminated during this process. The loss of these two compounds can reduce the lubricity properties of diesel fuel. Therefore, it is necessary to add an additive compound that can increase the lubricity properties. In this research, 2-hydroxyethyl ester (HEE) was synthesized as an additive to increase the lubricity of diesel fuel. This compound was synthesized through the transesterification reaction of soybean oil and ethylene glycol with K2CO3 as the base catalyst. The composition of the synthesized additives was analyzed using the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Based on the results of GC-MS spectrum analysis, it is known that the 2-hydroxyethyl ester compound has been formed with a yield of 66.5% (relative to the area of the chromatogram peak). The HEE compound obtained is a mixture of 2 hydroxyethyl palmitate, 2 hydroxyethyl linoleate, 2 hydroxyethyl stearate, 2 hydroxyethyl arachidonate, 2 hydroxyethyl nervate, and 2 hydroxyethyl behenate.

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Chemical and rheological assessment of produced biolubricants from different vegetable oils

Cited by 90 publications

References 38 publications

Synthesis of 2-Hydroxy-Ethyl Ester from Peanut Oil as a Bio-Additive for Diesel Fuel

Synthesis of 2-Hydroxy-Ethyl Ester from Peanut Oil as a Bio-Additive for Diesel Fuel

Synthesis and Characterization of Diesel Lubricity Enhancer through Transesterification Reaction of Palm Oil with 1,2-Ethanediol

Synthesis of Bio-additive for Low Sulphur Diesel: Transesterification of Soybean Oil and Ethylene Glycol using K2CO3 Catalyst

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