Chemical and Physical Quality Criteria of Bulakbaşı Stream in Turkey and Usage of Drinking, Fisheries, and Irrigation

Abstract

Water quality parameters were analyzed in Bulakbaşı stream. The in situ measurements and laboratory analyses were made on water samples taken from 4 sampling points on the Bulakbaşı stream monthly. During the study, the average water temperature as 16.3°C, dissolved oxygen (DO) 12.91 mg/L, oxygen saturation (OS) 152.8%, pH 8.25, electrical conductivity (EC) 779.6 μS/cm, salinity 0.435‰, chloride 83.97 mg/L, calcium 56.5 mg/L, magnesium 57.1 mg/L, total hardness 391.1 mg/L CaCO3, carbonate 0 mg/L, bicarbonate 365.95 mg/L, total alkalinity 299.85 mg/L, nitrate 4.74 mg/L, nitrite 20.83 µg/L, ammonium 50.8 µg/L, ammonia 48.3 µg/L, phosphorus 77.5 µg/L, sulfate 57.6 mg/L, potassium 4.52 mg/L, copper and aluminum 0.0 µg/L, total iron 10.1 µg/L, zinc 168.2 µg/L, chromium 24 µg/L, manganese 401.7 µg/L, and cyanide 6.79 µg/L were found. According to EU, WHO, and Turkish standards, Bulakbaşı stream is not polluted and it has suitable quality with respect to drinking, aquaculture, and irrigation.

Monitoring Water Quality Using Biotic Indices of Benthic Macroinvertebrates along Surfaces Water Ecosystems in Some Tourism Areas in East Java, Indonesia

“…2). Concentration of NO 3 -N in this study showed similar value with other studies [4,33,34]. Water on all stations in this study is included non degree of restriction on use because the NO 3 -N is less than FAO limit 5 mg.L -1 [32].…”

“…However, now days most of the rivers were severelly polluted due to anthropogenic activities [1] and pollution of surface water became crucial environment issue all over the world [2]. Low water quality caused by pollution decrease water availability for directly or indirectly use, including for irrigation [3] or recreational water [4]. Natural process such as decaying, erosion, and flooding as well as anthropogenic activities like urbanization, industry and agriculture are the factors that causing pollution on the surface water [5].…”

Appraisal of Public Pipe-borne Water Quality in Jimeta/Yola Adamawa State (Nigeria): From the Treatment-plants to End-user Points

“…The pH with a mean value of 6.46±0.07 as shown in Fig. 2 was observed to fall slightly within the 6.5-8.5 ranges set for first-class drinking water [28,29]. The highest value of 6.53 was observed in FCE (6.53) and the least in 80 units (6.39).…”

“…respectively. The level of phosphorus in quality drinking water is recommended at maximum 400ug/l and according to the ranges observed in this study, the water samples for the study locations are in first grade [28,29,31].…”

“…Water sample containing ≤25 mg/l of Chloride is considered class-I; and class-II, III, and IV if the chloride concentration in the water is 200 mg/l, 400, and >400 respectively. From the analysis, the water in the study locations could be categorized as class-II [28,29,31].…”