Chemical and physical characterization of lead in three shooting range soils in Florida

Fayiga, Abioye O.; Saha, Uttam Kumar; Lena, Q.

doi:10.3184/095422911x13103191328195

Cited by 24 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…32 The partitioning of Pb in the different soil fractions is largely dependent on the chemistry and geochemistry of the soil such as its pH, cation exchange capacity, organic matter content and presence of other chemicals in the soil. The sequential extraction method takes place with the assumption that the partitioning of the metal within each fraction is lowered with each successive extraction step.…”

Section: Pb Partitioning and Availability In Shooting Range Berm Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead pollution of shooting range soils

et al. 2017

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Section: Pb Partitioning and Availability In Shooting Range Berm Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead pollution of shooting range soils

et al. 2017

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“…Numerous studies have reported elevated concentrations of PTEs in soil samples collected from war-impacted areas and military training grounds [6,7,9,13,[15][16][17][19][20][21][22][23][24][26][27][28][29][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70] with their reported values summarized in Table 3.…”

Section: Soil Contamination By Potentially Toxic Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Contamination in Areas Impacted by Military Activities: A Critical Review

et al. 2020

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Military activities drastically affect soil properties mainly via physical/chemical disturbances during military training and warfare. The present paper aims to review (1) physical/chemical disturbances in soils following military activities, (2) approaches to characterization of contaminated military-impacted sites, and (3) advances in human health risk assessment for evaluating potential adverse impacts. A literature search mainly covering the period 2010–2020 but also including relevant selected papers published before 2010 was conducted. Selected studies (more than 160) were grouped as follows and then reviewed: ~40 on the presence of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), ~20 on energetic compounds (ECs) and chemical warfare agents (CWAs), ~40 on human health risk assessment, and generic limits/legislation, and ~60 supporting studies. Soil physical disturbances (e.g., compaction by military traffic) may drastically affect soil properties (e.g., hydraulic conductivity) causing environmental issues (e.g., increased erosion). Chemical disturbances are caused by the introduction of numerous PTEs, ECs, and CWAs and are of a wide nature. Available generic limits/legislation for these substances is limited, and their contents do not always overlap. Among numerous PTEs in military-impacted zones, Pb seems particularly problematic due to its high toxicity, abundance, and persistence. For ECs and CWAs, their highly variable physiochemical properties and biodegradability govern their specific distribution, environmental fate, and transport. Most site characterization includes proper spatial/vertical profiling, albeit without adequate consideration of contaminant speciation/fractionation. Human health risk assessment studies generally follow an agreed upon framework; however, the depth/adequacy of their use varies. Generic limits/legislation limited to a few countries do not always include all contaminants of concern, their content doesn’t overlap, and scientific basis is not always clear. Thus, a comprehensive scientific framework covering a range of contaminants is needed. Overall, contaminant speciation, fractionation, and mobility have not been fully considered in numerous studies. Chemical speciation and bioaccessibility, which directly affect the results for risk characterization, should be properly integrated into risk assessment processes for accurate results.

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“…An understanding of metal partitioning in soils may be used to maximise the removal efficiencies of the metals from the soil. Most firing ranges have lead primarily associated with the carbonate fraction, which can be solubilised by the addition of acidic reagents such as citric acid (Fayiga et al 2011).…”

Section: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remediation of inorganic and organic contaminants in military ranges

Fayiga¹

2019

Environ. Chem.

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Environmental contextContaminants occur in the soil and water associated with military ranges. This review article describes how the extent of contamination depends not only on the type of military range and its period of activity, but also on the chemistry of both the soil and the contaminant. A full understanding of the soil chemistry is necessary to develop effective remediation methods for the restoration of these impacted environments. AbstractThis review discusses the contaminants associated with military ranges and the approaches taken to remediate these sites. The type and extent of contamination depends on the type of range, period of activity, soil chemistry and contaminant chemistry. Small arms firing ranges typically have high concentrations of metals and metalloids whereas military ranges typically have high concentrations of perchlorates, white phosphorus, explosives and propellants. For explosives, higher concentrations are found in sites that have undergone a low order detonation than in sites with a high order detonation. Remediation technologies for small arms firing ranges include leaching and immobilisation whereas for military ranges, methods such as alkaline hydrolysis, photolysis, bioremediation and phytoremediation have been tested. A lot of work has been done to immobilise metals/metalloids using soil amendments, which show a high effectiveness in stabilising them. Some of these amendments, however, also mobilise other co-contaminants. More studies are needed to simultaneously immobilise all inorganic contaminants. Explosives can be transformed into simpler non-toxic forms by photolysis, bioremediation or phytodegradation. The introduction of bacteria transgenes into plants has been used to enhance uptake and degradation of explosives in transgenic plants. Adoption of appropriate remediation technologies in impacted military ranges will reduce contaminant levels and protect public health.

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Chemical and physical characterization of lead in three shooting range soils in Florida

Cited by 24 publications

References 28 publications

Lead pollution of shooting range soils

Lead pollution of shooting range soils

Soil Contamination in Areas Impacted by Military Activities: A Critical Review

Remediation of inorganic and organic contaminants in military ranges

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