Chemical and magnetic functionalization of graphene oxide as a route to enhance its biocompatibility

Abstract

The novel approach for deposition of iron oxide nanoparticles with narrow size distribution supported on different sized graphene oxide was reported. Two different samples with different size distributions of graphene oxide (0.5 to 7 μm and 1 to 3 μm) were selectively prepared, and the influence of the flake size distribution on the mitochondrial activity of L929 with WST1 assay in vitro study was also evaluated. Little reduction of mitochondrial activity of the GO-Fe3O4 samples with broader size distribution (0.5 to 7 μm) was observed. The pristine GO samples (0.5 to 7 μm) in the highest concentrations reduced the mitochondrial activity significantly. For GO-Fe3O4 samples with narrower size distribution, the best biocompatibility was noticed at concentration 12.5 μg/mL. The highest reduction of cell viability was noted at a dose 100 μg/mL for GO (1 to 3 μm). It is worth noting that the chemical functionalization of GO and Fe3O4 is a way to enhance the biocompatibility and makes the system independent of the size distribution of graphene oxide.

Enzymatic in situ synthesis of graphene oxide/polypyrrole composites by peroxidase and their electrical capacitance

“…The inclusion of PPy and the chemical nature of the GO/PPy composites were confirmed by FTIR, as shown in Figure . The FTIR spectrum of GO is almost identical to the previously reported results by Rajagopalan et al and Urbas et al, having the characteristic peaks of GO that correspond to alkoxy, epoxy, and carboxyl functional groups (the stretching vibration of OH groups at the broad peak at 3410 cm −1 , C = O stretching vibration mode of carboxyl group at 1730 cm −1 , C = C bond skeletal vibration at 1610 cm −1 , carboxyl C‐O deformation at 1230 cm −1 , and C‐O stretching vibration mode of the alkoxy groups at 1080 cm −1 ) . The FTIR spectrum of PPy shows typical characteristic peaks (stretching vibration of N–H bonds 3400 cm −1 , stretching vibration of C = C bonds at 1560 cm −1 , vibration of the pyrrole rings at 1190 cm −1 , in‐plane vibrations of C–H bonds at 1045 cm −1 , C‐C deformation at 930 cm −1 , and out‐of‐plane vibrations of the C–H bonds at 790 cm −1 ) .…”

Dispersive solid‐phase extraction adsorbent of methamphetamine using in‐situ synthesized carbon‐based conductive polypyrrole nanocomposite: focus on clinical applications in human urine

“…Peaks at 1550, 1460, and 3442 cm −1 are referred to C-C, C-N, and N-H stretching vibrations of poly pyrole. The obtained results are in accordance with the literatures [24,29,30]. The X-ray diffraction pattern of NGO and NGPPC was investigated (Figure 2b).…”

Nanomedical applications of graphene and graphene oxide

“…Another method for enhancing GO biocompatibility is functionalization with nanoparticles. In our previous study [24], we showed that GO modification with magnetite nanoparticles resulted in improved biocompatibility with mouse fibroblasts (L929) compared to unmodified GO. A summary of these in vitro studies is presented in Table 1.…”