Chemical and electrochemical properties of a hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent

Ruggeri, Stefano; Poletti, Fabrizio; Zanardi, Chiara; Pigani, Laura; Zanfrognini, Barbara; Corsi, E.; Dossi, Nicolò; Salomäki, Mikko; Kivelä, Henri; Lukkari, Jukka; Terzi, Fabio

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2018.10.086

Cited by 70 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Ternary HDES systems involving water or polar solvent addition may be worthy of exploring to meet specific challenges. For example, in exploring the electrochemical behavior of ferrocenes, for the first time, Ruggeri et al [73] demonstrated that addition of small water to tetrabutylammonium chloride and decanoic acid HDES (1:2) improved the electrical conductivity and viscosity of the solvent. Water content above 2% w/w in HDES enables effective mass transfer to and from the electrode surface [73].…”

Section: Challenges Opportunities and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water disrupts the hydrogen bond between the donor and the acceptor to enhance the free flow of ions in the medium. In addition, the researchers showed that an aqueous solution containing a salt of metallic cation, Cr(VI), could be extracted by using a hydrophobic DES [73]. Furthermore, the electrochemical behavior of Cr(VI) species in HDES was studied for future applications in electroremediation.…”

Section: Challenges Opportunities and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Advances in Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvents for Extraction

Dwamena

2019

Separations

181

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In the over 1,800 articles published since their inception in 2001, most deep eutectic solvents (DES) synthesized have been hydrophilic. The low cost, low toxicity, and bioavailability of DES make the solvent ‘green’ and sustainable for diverse applications. Conversely, the hydrophilicity of DES limits their practical application to only polar compounds, which is a major drawback of the solvent. For the past three years, hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDES) have emerged as an alternative extractive media capable of extracting non-polar organic and inorganic molecules from aqueous environments. Due to the infancy of HDES, for the first time, this mini-review summarizes the recent developmental advances in HDES synthesis, applications, challenges, and future perspectives of the solvent. In the future, it is believed HDES will replace the majority of toxic organic solvents used for analytical purposes.

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Section: Challenges Opportunities and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Challenges Opportunities and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvents for Extraction

Dwamena

2019

Separations

181

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“…A DES is formed when a mixture of two or more components combined in a specific ratio has a much lower melting point than the individual components. [35][36][37] DESs often have the advantages of low vapor pressure, 38 non-toxicity, 39 low cost, 40 easy availability, 41 biodegradability, 42 controllability, 43 non-flammability, 44 and recyclability. 45 When they are composed of common catalysts (such as Lewis acids or bases), DESs can function as catalysts as well as solvents.…”

Section: Examples 40-93% Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Pot Synthesis of 4H-Pyrano[3,2-c]coumarin Derivatives Catalyzed by Deep Eutectic Solvent

Xie

Yang

et al. 2021

Synthesis

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4H-Pyrano[3,2-c]coumarin derivatives are an important class of pharmaceutical compounds that are expensive to prepare by previously reported methods. An efficient and green method was developed to obtain these derivatives using the deep eutectic solvent (DES) zinc chloride/acetamide (n:n = 1:4), which acted as both the catalyst and the solvent for the reaction. An aromatic aldehyde, 4-hydroxycoumarin, and cyanoacetate were used as the substrates. The DES, substrate molar ratio, diluent type, temperature, and reaction time were optimized to obtain the 4H-pyrano[3,2-c]coumarin derivatives from a range of aromatic aldehydes in a single step in moderate to high yields and under mild reaction conditions.

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“…The nature of the components used to prepare DES systems typically renders them highly polar and hydrophilic; as a result, polar solvents such as water and methanol are miscible with commonly reported DESs, while common non-polar solvents such as toluene, hexane, diethyl ether are immiscible. Hydrophobic DES systems have emerged recently [ 51 , 52 , 53 ]; however, these are significantly less common. The ionic nature of most DES systems enables metal salts to readily dissolve, which has seen electrodeposition [ 54 , 55 ] and metal plating as some of the most common applications of these solvent systems [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greener, Faster, Stronger: The Benefits of Deep Eutectic Solvents in Polymer and Materials Science

Nahar

Thickett

2021

Polymers

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Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) represent an emergent class of green designer solvents that find numerous applications in different aspects of chemical synthesis. A particularly appealing aspect of DES systems is their simplicity of preparation, combined with inexpensive, readily available starting materials to yield solvents with appealing properties (negligible volatility, non-flammability and high solvation capacity). In the context of polymer science, DES systems not only offer an appealing route towards replacing hazardous volatile organic solvents (VOCs), but can serve multiple roles including those of solvent, monomer and templating agent—so called “polymerizable eutectics.” In this review, we look at DES systems and polymerizable eutectics and their application in polymer materials synthesis, including various mechanisms of polymer formation, hydrogel design, porous monoliths, and molecularly imprinted polymers. We provide a comparative study of these systems alongside traditional synthetic approaches, highlighting not only the benefit of replacing VOCs from the perspective of environmental sustainability, but also the materials advantage with respect to mechanical and thermal properties of the polymers formed.

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Chemical and electrochemical properties of a hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent

Cited by 70 publications

References 18 publications

Recent Advances in Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvents for Extraction

Recent Advances in Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvents for Extraction

One-Pot Synthesis of 4H-Pyrano[3,2-c]coumarin Derivatives Catalyzed by Deep Eutectic Solvent

Greener, Faster, Stronger: The Benefits of Deep Eutectic Solvents in Polymer and Materials Science

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