Chemical and Biological Test-Methods Applied to Plastic Products Used in Transfusion Equipment

The Use of Plastics in Blood Transfusion Equipment with Special Regard to Toxicity Problems

“…They also demon strated the low sensitivity of the test for bactericidal effects employed for testing rubber items [55] compared with the cell culture technics. This has also been demonstrated by Gullbring, Eklund and Svartz-Malmberg [17], who consider the HeLa cell culture to have a high degree of sensitivity in detecting differences in the composition of plastic materials. As mentioned, Nevanlinna and co-workers [30] have demonstrated the association between this test and reactions on implantation.…”

“…Nevanlinna, Penttinen and Bremer [30] have found an association between cytotoxic effects in cell cultures and histological findings in mice after subcutaneous implantation and after an observation period of one year. PVC has been shown to be non-toxic when administered in the food [42] or implanted [17]. However, sponges of polyvinylalcohol insolubilized by treatment with formaldehyde and by the formation of formal groups have been used in implantation assays for the study of the biochemical aspects of inflammation [2,3].…”

“…Eklund [12] has used isolated organs from rabbits, guinea-pigs and rats to demonstrate the inhibition provoked by some rubber and plastic tubings on the response of some biological stimulants. Eluates from different plastic products were tested on their inhibition of the acetylcholine-response on isolated guinea-pig's intestine by Gull-bring, Eklund and Svartz-Malmberg [17]. The sensitivity of this test to detect differences in the composition of the plastics investigated was high.…”

“…[8] and by others [17,30]. They also demon strated the low sensitivity of the test for bactericidal effects employed for testing rubber items [55] compared with the cell culture technics.…”

Accumulation of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) in whole blood, platelet concentrates, and platelet-poor plasma. 1. Effect of DEHP on platelet survival and function.

“…The widespread use of plastic bags in routine blood bank procedures has been attended by concern about the accumulation of substances from the plastic containers in the blood products and the biologic effects of these substances (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). Most poly(vinyl chloride) plastic bags contain di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) to make them pliable enough to prevent breakage (2,5).…”