Accumulation of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) in whole blood, platelet concentrates, and platelet-poor plasma. 1. Effect of DEHP on platelet survival and function.

Valeri, C. R.; Contreras, T. J.; Feingold, H.; Sheibley, R H; Jaeger, Rudolph J.

doi:10.1289/ehp.7303103

Cited by 46 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…It is well established that DEHP leaches out of these bags and other medical devices into blood components, that the concentration increases with storage, and that DEHP is converted to MEHP, a more toxic metabolite (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6).…”

Section: A Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, for some time it has been known that the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), which is added to poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastics to increase flexibility, can leach from the plastic during exposure to blood and blood components (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). PVC plastic is used in a great variety of medical devices, such as tubing for whole blood collection, bags for collection and storage of red cells, platelet concentrates (PC), or plasma, hemodialysis setups, tubing for intravenous injections, cytapheresis, plasma exchange and plasmapheresis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution of Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate and Products in Blood and Blood Components

Rock¹,

Labow²,

Tocchi³

1986

Environmental Health Perspectives

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In order to impart flexibility, plastic medical devices incorporate liquid plasticizers into their structure. Data from several laboratories, including ours, have shown that these compounds leach from blood bags and tubing during collection of blood, storage of various blood components and during kidney dialysis and cell and plasma apheresis procedures. After the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate leaches from poly(vinyl chloride) blood packs, it is converted by a plasma enzyme to a more toxic metabolite, mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.Blood fractionation products from outdated plasma contain mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, the highest level being found in normal serum albumin.Recently, we have reported that di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate actually binds to the red blood cell membrane and reduces its osmotic fragility. Current methods of red cell storage, which permit utilization up to 35 days after collection, are not possible without this membrane stabilization. Platelets are now stored for 5 days in the Fenwal PL 732 polyolefin bag. Although stated to be essentially free of liquid plasticizers, a significant level of leaching from this bag into the extracts of stored platelet concentrates was observed.

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Section: A Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate and Products in Blood and Blood Components

Rock¹,

Labow²,

Tocchi³

1986

Environmental Health Perspectives

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“…DEHP has been reported to accumulate in whole blood, stored at 4°C, at a rate of 0.25 mg/100 mUd. 3 After 21 days of storage, concentration of DEHP would reach 55 ppm, representing 26-28 mg of DEHP in each unit of blood. Therefore, a patient who is infused with plasma or whole blood from a PVC ALAN F. KAUL container, or who is exposed to a PVC device (e.g., intravenous tubing) through which blood circulates, would receive a significantly larger amount of DEHP than a patient receiving a comparable volume of aqueous solution.…”

Section: Fate and Metabolism Of Dehpmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Toxicity of DEHP could be due to: (1) the alcohol, (2) phthalic acid, (3) ester, or (4) a combination of these factors. 7 DEHP has an extremely low order of toxicity; in several animal models, doses of -50 g/kg are required to produce an LD 50 .15 DEHP would, thus, be classified as "practically nontoxic" by the toxicity rating system of Gleason and her colleagues.…”

Section: Toxicologymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Possible Toxicity of DI-2-Ethylhexylphthalate (DEHP) in Plastic Intravenous Containers: Effects on Reproduction

Kaul¹,

Souney²,

Osathanondh³

1982

Drug Intelligence & Clinical Pharmacy

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Many containers for intravenous solutions are made with plasticized polyvinyl chloride, the common form of which is di-2-ethylhexylphthalate (DEHP). Extraction of DEHP into blood and plasma stored in such plastic containers can occur, and harmful effects of DEHP in the human body consequently have been suggested. Reports on toxicity of DEHP in animals during pregnancy and the developmental period are critically reviewed.

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“…The plasticizer used, tri-(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate (TOTM) leaches in very small amounts from the plas tic into the contained blood, in contrast to the plasticizer currently in use, di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) [1][2][3]. Some plas tics have been shown to exert a detrimental effect on platelets [4] during storage, and for this reason it was decided to compare the survival of platelets collected into the new formulation packs with platelets collected into the present standard packs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival of Transfused Platelets Collected into New Formulation Plastic Packs

Grimsley¹,

Jindra²,

Robson³

et al. 1982

Vox Sanguinis

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Platelet concentrates were prepared in plastic packs of polyvinyl chloride with tri-(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate as plasticizer. They were stored, with gentle shaking, at room temperature for periods up to 7 days before labelling with isotope and reinfusing. In vivo survival studies, platelet counts, pH and electron microscopy indicated that platelet concentrates prepared in the new plastic were superior to those prepared in the standard pack currently in use. Oxygen was found to diffuse through the new pack more rapidly than through the standard pack. A shelf life of up to 1 week at room temperature seems possible for platelet concentrates prepared in the new plastic.

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Accumulation of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) in whole blood, platelet concentrates, and platelet-poor plasma. 1. Effect of DEHP on platelet survival and function.

Cited by 46 publications

References 28 publications

Distribution of Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate and Products in Blood and Blood Components

Distribution of Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate and Products in Blood and Blood Components

A Review of Possible Toxicity of DI-2-Ethylhexylphthalate (DEHP) in Plastic Intravenous Containers: Effects on Reproduction

Survival of Transfused Platelets Collected into New Formulation Plastic Packs

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