Chemical and biological studies of a new cigarette that primarily heats tobacco.

Borgerding, Michael F.; Bodnar, Joy A.; Chung, Henry L.; Mangan, P.P.; Morrison, C.C.; Risner, Charles H.; Rogers, James C.; Simmons, D.F.; Uhrig, Mary S.; Wendelboe, F.N.; Wingate, D.E.; Winkler, L

doi:10.1016/s0278-6915(97)00108-7

Cited by 85 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Some PREP cigarette yield data are available (6,(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43), including data found in several once-secret tobacco industry documents (40)(41)(42)(43). The PREP yield data used here were obtained as follows: TOB-HT prototype (34); ''electrically heated cigarette'' prototype (35); XDU 2-104 prototype (40); XDU 740 prototype (40); Premier (40); Advance ''Light'' Kings and ''Light'' 100s (6); and Eclipse (36).…”

Section: Effects Of Machine Versus Human Smoking On Cigarettementioning

confidence: 99%

Calculated Cancer Risks for Conventional and “Potentially Reduced Exposure Product” Cigarettes

Pankow

Watanabe²,

Toccalino³

et al. 2007

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Section: Effects Of Machine Versus Human Smoking On Cigarettementioning

confidence: 99%

Calculated Cancer Risks for Conventional and “Potentially Reduced Exposure Product” Cigarettes

Pankow

Watanabe²,

Toccalino³

et al. 2007

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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“…In addition, a cigarette prototype that primarily heats tobacco (TOB-HT1) 13,14 and was expected to reduce ETS was also tested. During the second set of experiments, the FFLT cigarette (smoked again by a new panel of smokers) and a second prototype cigarette that primarily heats tobacco (TOB-HT2) were tested.…”

Section: Smoke Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Generated by Different Cigarettes

Nelson

Kelly

Conrad

1998

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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A method was developed to reproducibly measure environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) components generated by different cigarettes. Measurements were carried out in an unventilated, controlled environment chamber. True ETS (the aged and diluted combination of exhaled mainstream plus sidestream smoke) was generated by human smokers. To reliably quantitate components normally present at trace levels, the comparisons were carried out at elevated ETS concentrations-greater than 40 times those typically encountered in "real-world" settings.The method was applied to four commercially available cigarettes and a cigarette prototype that primarily heats tobacco. Forty-three properties and components of the gas and particulate phases of ETS generated by the different cigarettes were measured. Good precision of measurement was obtained both within and between tests. Statistically significant differences in the concentration of ETS components were observed among the different commercial cigarettes and between the commercial and prototype cigarettes. Most ETS components from the prototype cigarette were reduced by >90% when compared to the commercial cigarettes. The method was used to determine the effect of cigarette design changes on the generation of ETS. INTRODUCTIONEnvironmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been defined as the aged and diluted mixture of sidestream smoke (the smoke from the lit end of a cigarette) and exhaled mainstream smoke (the smoke a smoker exhales).1 A wide range of testing methods have been used to characterize the composition of ETS.2-6 Typically, investigators target a limited number of specific components in the ETS from one or a few cigarettes. It is unusual to find reports that offer a relatively complete picture of ETS composition for one or more cigarettes. Often, rather than sampling a range of different cigarette brands and styles (e.g., soft pack or box, king size or 100s, full flavor or lights), it has been assumed that the ETS generated by different cigarettes within a brand family is qualitatively and quantitatively the same. 7,8 Alternatively, the results of non-standardized comparisons of mainstream and sidestream smoke composition have been used to predict ETS composition-a problematic process.

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“…5). Animal studies have shown that environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) can induce DNA adducts in bladder cells (6,7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Bladder Cancer Risk in Never Smokers of Los Angeles County

et al. 2007

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Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for bladder cancer and a prominent point source of 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP), a recognized human bladder carcinogen. 4-ABP-hemoglobin (Hb) adducts are established biomarkers of 4-ABP exposure in humans. The role of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in the etiology of bladder cancer is largely unknown. As part of a large population-based bladder cancer study in Los Angeles County, California, lifetime exposure to ETS was ascertained for 148 cases and 292 control subjects who had never used any tobacco products over their lifetime. 4-ABP-Hb adducts were quantitatively measured on 230 control subjects. Female lifelong nonsmokers living with two or more smokers during childhood were significantly related to risk of bladder cancer [odds ratio (OR), 3.08; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.16-8.22]. During adulthood, f2-fold risks were seen among women living with a spouse/domestic partner who smoked for z10 years or having a coworker who smoked in an indoor environment for z10 years. When all sources of ETS exposure were combined, a statistically significant, dose-dependent association (P for trend = 0.03) was noted in women, with the OR for the highest category of ETS exposure being 5.48 (95% CI, 1.06-28.36). Levels of 4-ABP-Hb adducts varied by ETS exposure status among female control subjects. Mean level was lowest in women never exposed to ETS (16.4 pg/g Hb) and highest in those with current ETS exposure (23.6 pg/g Hb). ETS exposure was associated with neither bladder cancer risk nor 4-ABP-Hb adduct levels in male lifelong nonsmokers. In conclusion, ETS is a risk factor for bladder cancer in women who were lifelong nonusers of any tobacco products. [Cancer Res 2007;67(15):7540-5]

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Chemical and biological studies of a new cigarette that primarily heats tobacco.

Cited by 85 publications

References 9 publications

Calculated Cancer Risks for Conventional and “Potentially Reduced Exposure Product” Cigarettes

Calculated Cancer Risks for Conventional and “Potentially Reduced Exposure Product” Cigarettes

Studies of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Generated by Different Cigarettes

Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Bladder Cancer Risk in Never Smokers of Los Angeles County

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