Chemical and biological control of Fusarium species involved in garlic dry rot at early crop stages

Abstract

The aim of the study was to test in vitro and in vivo the efficacy of triazoles and biocontrol agents (BCAs) against Fusarium proliferatum and F. oxysporum, the former signaled as the main causal agent of garlic dry rot and the latter also involved. In vitro trials were organized using potato dextrose agar with added chemicals or BCAs inoculated with selected F. proliferatum and F. oxysporum. Garlic cloves were dipped before sowing in suspensions prepared with the fungicides showing the best performances in vitro; then they were dipped in Fusaria suspension before sowing. In in vitro trials, the maximum Fusaria growth inhibition was performed by Propiconazole + Prochloraz (100%), followed by Tebuconazole (88.9%). BCAs showed great capacity to control Fusaria, with a maximum growth inhibition of 80% (Trichoderma harzianum + T. gamsii). In vivo bacterial BCAs showed a similar capacity to control F. proliferatum and F. oxysporum compared to chemical products (mean of severity index 18.6% and 11.7%, respectively). In vivo results confirmed the in vitro performances, except for Trichoderma, which had the worst performances in vivo. Therefore, the results are preliminary but promising for future field application.

Fusarium Dry Rot of Garlic Bulbs Caused by Fusarium proliferatum: A Review

“…Few studies are available regarding the effectiveness of chemical treatments in reducing F. proliferatum occurrence in garlic. Most of them are in vitro studies [32,132], although there are some trials available where researchers have scaled up the application of fungicides as either clove preplant treatments [6,35,133] or through field spray application [134].…”

“…Mixtures of different active ingredients within different chemical groups reduce the risk of fungicide resistance [140]. In several of the reviewed works [133,134], the active ingredient tebuconazole was evaluated together with another active ingredient (fluopyram, trifloxystrobin, or azoxystrobin). All are included in the biochemical mode of action C (respiration) by the FRAC.…”

Identification of pathogenic fungi in garlic bulbs during storage and in the root zone during plant growth

“…4 Сухая гниль чеснока во всем мире является проблемой послеуборочного хранения, потери урожая от этого заболевания могут достигать 30% [9]. Патогенный гриб F. proliferatum идентифицирован как основной возбудитель сухой гнили зубков чеснока во многих странах мира [8,9]. Эффективных средств защиты чеснока против F. proliferatum к настоящему времени не существует [9].…”

“…Патогенный гриб F. proliferatum идентифицирован как основной возбудитель сухой гнили зубков чеснока во многих странах мира [8,9]. Эффективных средств защиты чеснока против F. proliferatum к настоящему времени не существует [9]. В данной работе было определено, что гниль зубков чеснока при хранении в Федеральном научном центре овощеводства также вызывается грибом F. proliferatum.…”

“…Однако в настоящее время известно, что данное заболевание могут вызывать и другие виды Fusarium -F. acutatum, F. anthophilium и F. proliferatum [2,7]. При послеуборочном хранении потери урожая чеснока связаны с развитием на зубках сухой гнили (dry rot), вызываемой патогенным грибом F. proliferatum [8,9]. В Московской области поражение посевов чеснока фузариозом проявляется ежегодно, но с различной интенсивностью [6].…”