Chemical and antifungal investigations of six Lippia species (Verbenaceae) from Brazil

Abstract

a b s t r a c tThe Lippia genus is used in ethnobotany as food, beverages, seasoning and antiseptic remedies, among others. The chemical compositions of fifteen extracts of six Lippia species were investigated comparatively by HPLC-PDA. To avoid data replication of previous works on this genus, Lippia lupulina Cham. root ethanol extract was selected for isolation procedures based on Principal Component Analyses (PCA) of such data. Seven compounds previously unreported in this genus were isolated from this extract (a triterpene, two furanonaphtoquinones, a furanochromone, an isoflavone, a stilbene and an iridoid). The activities of extracts, fractions and pure compounds towards Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis and Cryptococcus neoformans were investigated. Two fractions from the extract of Lippia salviaefolia leaves showed marked inhibition of fungal growth, in addition to verbascoside and asebogenin, which showed MICs lower than 15.6 lg/ml and may be promising leads for the development of new antifungal agents, especially against C. neoformans.

Oleanonic acid from Lippia lupulina (Verbenaceae) shows strong in vitro antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal activity

“…On the other hand, the flavanone naringenin (6) (IC 50 84.2 µg mL -1 ) was slightly less effective than FAc. Compounds 3, 5 and 6 were also detected in the remaining active extracts against T. cruzi which presented similar chromatographic profiles by HPLC-PDA and UHPLC-PDA-TOF-MS experiments (Funari et al 2012a, Funari et al 2012b. Therefore, these findings suggest that such compounds might be partially associated to the trypanocidal activity of the crude extracts and FAc.…”

“…An aliquot of 50 µL of a 1×10 7 parasites mL -1 suspension was added to each well of a 96 multi-well microplate. Extracts or compounds previously prepared or isolated by our group (Funari et al 2011;Funari et al 2012a;Funari et al 2012b) were dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and further added to each well to reach final concentrations from 1 to 100 µg mL -1…”

“…An aliquot of 97 µL of a 8 × 10 6 parasites mL -1 suspension was added to each well of a 96 multi-well microplate. Extracts or compounds previously prepared or isolated by our group (Funari et al 2011;Funari et al 2012a;Funari et al 2012b) were dissolved in DMSO and an aliquot of 3 µL was further added to each well to reach final concentrations from 1.6 to 100 µg mL -1 . Microplates were incubated at 28 °C for 72 h. After this period, a 10 µL aliquot of 2.5 mg mL -1 MTT-PMS solution was added to each well, and the plates were further incubated for 75 min, in the dark, at 28 °C.…”

Secondary metabolites from endophytic fungus from Lippia sidoides Cham.

“…Several studies have already demonstrated the potential and ability of these metabolites to act to reduce the risks associated with pathologies such as intestinal inflammation, bacterial infections, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer, among others (Clemensen et al, 2017;Macheleidt et al, 2016). In the present study, however, antifungal activities of the extracts are related to the antioxidative activity of flavonoids present in considerable amounts (Funari et al, 2012). Many studies report the capacity of flavonoid production by plants, such as those found in the leaves of Euphorbia neriifolia (pencil-tree), where Sharma et al (2014) identified a flavonoid as quercetin by HPLC.…”

“…In addition, as endophytic fungi produce the same compounds present in the plant, it can be inferred that fungi produce these compounds for the plant as a way of assisting them in their defense. These substances contribute greatly to the antioxidative activities credited to L. sidoides plants (Funari et al, 2012). Kumar et al (2013) characterized the vinblastine alkaloid from the extract of the endophytic fungus F. oxysporium, isolated from Catharanthus roseus.…”